M. Zubkov ITEP Moscow Tev monopoles and topology of the Standard Model

2 Abstract Standard Model may be defined with the gauge groups We show, that, if the Unification is achieved at Tev (it could be in PUT or ETC), in the cases monopoles with masses of the order of 10 Tev should appear, which may become the lightest topologically stable monopoles. The idea is illustrated by consideration of Petite Unification models.

3 The lattice model for qualitative investigation of this phenomenon based on the Petite Unification Theory is presented 10 Tev monopoles monopoles We expect the percolation transition is present Early Universe

4 The additional discrete symmetry in the Standard Model C.Gardner, J.Harvey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52 (1984) 879 Tanmay Vachaspati, Phys.Rev.Lett. 76 (1996) Hong Liu, Tanmay Vachaspati, Phys.Rev. D56 (1997) SU(5) GUT 2. STANDARD MODEL B.L.G.Bakker, A.I.Veselov, and M.A.Zubkov, Phys. Lett. B 583, 379 (2004) The additional symmetry in the fermion and Higgs sectors of the SM

5 Quark, lepton, and Higgs Parallel transporters, and Wilson loops

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8 STANDARD MODEL WITH THE GAUGE GROUP : Fermion ang Higgs sectors are the same The gauge group is The following elements of represent the same element of the gauge group with N = 0,1,2,3,4,5

9 STANDARD MODEL WITH THE GAUGE GROUP : Fermion ang Higgs sectors are the same The gauge group is The following elements of represent the same element of the gauge group with N = 0,2,4

10 STANDARD MODEL WITH THE GAUGE GROUP : Fermion ang Higgs sectors are the same The gauge group is The following elements of represent the same element of the gauge group with N = 0,3

11 THE CONVENTIONAL STANDARD MODEL

12 There are 4 versions of the Standard Model

13 Is there any difference between the four versions of the Standard Model? On the level of perturbation theory they are identical

14 The Standard Model does not work at E > 1 TEV TEV physics is described by the Unified theory with simply connected gauge group Standard Model R = 1 TEV Unified theory Standard Model fields are not defined

15 T’Hooft – Polyakov monopole An example: Georgi-Glashow model

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17 Standard Model (gauge group H) Parallel transporter within the Unified theory along contour L Unification at Tev occurs in PUT and some of Extended Technicolor Models Unified theory (gauge group G)

18 Unified theory Standard Model N = 0,2,4 ANTI MONOPOLE Unified theory MONOPOLE Unified theory

19 Unified theory Standard Model N = 0,3 MONOPOLE Unified theory theory

20 Unified theory Standard Model N = 0 ANTI MONOPOLE Unified theory MONOPOLE Unified theory

21 Unified theory Standard Model N = 0,1,2,3,4,5 ANTI MONOPOLE Unified theory MONOPOLE Unified theory

TEV MONOPOLES 10 TEV MONOPOLES

23 Petite Unification Andrzej J. Buras, P.Q. Hung, J.D.Bjorken Phys.Rev.D25:805,1982; A.Buras, P.Q. Hung Phys.Rev. D68 (2003) ; A. Buras, P.Q. Hung, Ngoc-Khanh Tran, Anton Poschenrieder, Elmar Wyszomirski, Nucl.Phys. B699 (2004) 253

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31 U U D g Energy scale not far from LHC upper bound U D U p p jets monopole anti monopole

32 E ~ 200 Tev e _ e jets + monopole anti monopole

33 E ~ 200 Tev e + e jets _

34 T monopoles PERCOLATION TRANSITION Early Universe

35 T Nambu monopoles Electroweak Transition Early Universe B.L.G.Bakker, A.I.Veselov, and M.A.Zubkov, Phys. Lett. B642 (2006)

36 Standard Model NAMBU MONOPOLES (unitary gauge) Z string NAMBU MONOPOLE

37 Percolation of Nambu monopoles near the Electroweak transition Monopole density and percolation probability for the monopole clusters. The temperature is decreased with increasing of T

38 Simplified lattice model

39 Fields 1.Lattice gauge field (defined on links) 2.Adjoint Higgs field (defined on sites) Lattice action Higgs condensate

40 At low energies London limit

41 MONOPOLE WORLDLINE Electroweak fields

42 CONDENSATION OF MONOPOLES Expected phase diagram (at finite temperature) low temperature high temperature

43 0. Four versions of the Standard Model with the gauge groups are indeed different if the space-time has nontrivial topology. 1. Nontrivial topology appears around the worldlines of monopoles of the unified model. If unification is achieved at Tev (ETC or PUT) and the Standard Model has the gauge group or then such monopoles may appear with masses about 10 Tev. 3. Those topologically stable monopoles may be created during high energy collisions (probably, at the next generation of colliders, or even at LHC) and may be condensed in the early Universe at high temperature.

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