Chemical Coordinating Centre EMEPs contribution to a multi-purpose monitoring capasity for atmospheric composition in Europe being compatible with local and global initiatives Conventions and Directives: user requirements Atmospheric Chemistry Applications Workshop, ESTEC, The Netherlands, January 2004 Kjetil Tørseth, NILU/EMEP-CCC

Chemical Coordinating Centre Convention of Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP)  , OECD - LRTAP, , SNSF  1979, Convention on LRTAP (entry into force 1983)  1984, Protocol on Financing of EMEP  1985, 1st. SO 2 -protocol (-30%, )  1988, 1st. NOx-protocol (0%, (-30%, 12 countries)  1994, 2nd. SO 2 -protocol (differensiated reductions based on critical loads and IAM)  1998, Heavy metals protocol  1998, POPs protocol  1999, 1st. Multi protocol; SOx-NO x -VOC (differencated reductions)  CLRTAP -> about 50 Parties  EMEP -> about 40 Parties Topics addressed by EMEP Acidification and Eutrophication Sulphur, Nitrogen, base cations Photochemical oxidants Tropospheric ozone, precursors (NOx, VOC) Heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, +++ Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) PAH, PCB, HCB, Chlordane, DDT/DDE... Particulate matter PM mass, chemical speciation, physical characterisation

Chemical Coordinating Centre UN ECE Convention On Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Chemical Coordinating Centre The EMEP vision; To be the main science based and policy- driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe

Chemical Coordinating Centre CCECIAM MSC-W MSC-E CCC Countries WGSR Information fluxes within CLRTAP Assessment of effects Assessment of Air Quality trends, transport fluxes Critical load Stock at risk Critical load maps Proposed strategies Source-receptor relationships Scenarios Costs, technologies Transport fluxes Emissions WGE EMEP Monitored data Implementation Committee Implementation Committee Emission data

Chemical Coordinating Centre Monthly values – SO4A ”Accumulated time series plot” – SO4A

Chemical Coordinating Centre Emitter-receiver calculations (Lead) Depositions to Germany Depositions from Germany Transboundary transport, 2001 MSC-E

Chemical Coordinating Centre Intercontinental transport of Hg Annual deposition of Hg in the Northern Hemisphere (without European sources) Relative contribution of external sources to mercury deposition in Europe MSC-E

Chemical Coordinating Centre Intercontinental transport of Hg Deposition to EuropeDeposition from Europe, t/y MSC-E

Chemical Coordinating Centre

Chemical Coordinating Centre Critical loads for waters

Chemical Coordinating Centre EMEP monitoring strategy, Considerations; Long term operation of atmosperic chemistry monitoring is essential Process understanding, model development for cost efficient abatement and for documenting changes Several requirements Funding, Competence, Ovnership and user involvement, Transparency, Comparability, Foundation in Conventions or legislation is important to ensure long-term operation It is in the interest of the Parties that framework monitoring is cost- efficient and have a multi-purpose application Make of use existing infrastructure and avoid duplication Integration of scales Integration of topics How to make use of ”best science” and new technologies But at the same time conserve consistency

Chemical Coordinating Centre Regional monitoring programmes on atmospheric chemical composition Various national programmes European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) CLRTAP Working Group on Effects (ICP-F, ICP-IM, ICP-V…) World Meteorological Organisation - Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) Marine Conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) EC AQFD (EiO, EIONET) UNEP Global POPs network EANET Research networks, EUROTRAC, FP4,FP5,FP6 campaigns, CALVAL etc. Formal links are established with most international organisations

Chemical Coordinating Centre The strategy addresses;  EMEPs strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, in relation to its objectives, and the requirements of the CLRTAP  How can EMEP contribute to a monitoring capacity for other purposes  The need to establish more formal monitoring requirements for those participating in order to improve the compliance

Chemical Coordinating Centre Key elements in the new strategy Requirements with respect to site location, representativity, network density parameters to be requested temporal resolution methods to be used new opportunities Describes the various topics, current status and monitoring requirements Level 1 requirements Proposal for level 2 Level 3 activities required Financial constraints Network density Reflect phenomenon of interest Resolve geographical gradients Correspond with model resolution users request higher resolution ”All” Parties should participate Lower density at level 2 and level 3 Temporal resolution Correspond with model resolution Correspond with relevant processes Allow the study air mass origin Data quality New use; intercont., EO, data assimilation... Parameters required to adequately understand... having an effect Precursors, indirectly influencing,.. Use other data where existing and relevant New substances

Chemical Coordinating Centre

Chemical Coordinating Centre Status EMEP has widened its scope without associated funding being provided Many Parties have expressed their strong support in introducing formal requirements Most countries perform monitoring in excess of EMEP requirements Development of (joint) supersites is in good progress Concern by some parties that their EMEP budgets are limited and strategic discussion nationally on how to put priority between requirements from different frameworks/Conventions seem difficult

Chemical Coordinating Centre  Large part of the EMEP domaign has insufficient site/parameter density (South, East, aerosol data, gas-particle resolved chemistry, flux data)  Currently we see a large increase in monitoring efforts made across Europe, but the EMEP programme generally receives reduced resources nationally EMEP ozone sitesEMEP VOC sites

Chemical Coordinating Centre PM2,5 Mandatory for all Parties sites across Europe (regional collaboration)

Chemical Coordinating Centre Voluntary (also non-EMEP)

Chemical Coordinating Centre