Connection-oriented Ethernet Attributes and Applications Ralph Santitoro Ralph.Santitoro@us.fujitsu.com 3Q09 Toronto Meeting July 22, 2009

Contents CLE and COE: 2 implementations of Ethernet COE Attributes COE Applications

Connectionless Ethernet (CLE)

Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) Challenges Ethernet switches forward frames to correct port based on destination MAC address (DA) If destination MAC address unknown, switches broadcast frames to all ports (called flooding) Flooding creates additional BW requirements on all links Amount of flooding is not predictable DA becomes known by “learning” DA becomes unknown when the bridges age out MAC table entries in their memory ~ 5 minutes Table entry will not age out if frames keep coming—but no one can control this Flooding plays havoc with QoS and resource reservation

Flooding Simplified I know where C is (for now) Where is C again? Multipoint EVC DA=C A B C CE Flooding: Destination MAC address has unknown destination port Multipoint EVC DA=C A B C CE Destination MAC address has a known destination port DA = Destination Address

CLE Challenges: Spanning Tree Protocol B A B C CE D CE CE STP Blocked Link Failover Link Failure New STP Blocked Link D CE C CE STP: up to 2s protection switching speeds. Difficult provisioning

Connection-oriented Ethernet (COE) Provides explicit definition of Ethernet paths Disables Ethernet MAC address learning & flooding Ethernet paths could be: End to end (EVC) Individual network segments Resource reservation and admission control per EVC per CoS Per-connection (EVC/Path) traffic management and traffic engineering COE addresses the CLE challenges

COE Supported Network Topologies / MEF Service Types Linear Mesh (E-Line or E-Tree) Ring (E-Line or E-Tree) E-Line Hub & Spoke (E-Tree or Service Multiplexed EVPL) COE supports many topologies to support popular Ethernet services

EMS/NMS Plays Critical Role for COE COE does not use bridging control protocols NMS used to provision VLAN “cross connects” and tunnels COE relies on EMS/NMS for Setup working/protect traffic engineered EVCs or network segments Setup bandwidth profiles (CIR/EIR) with BW reservation CIR is really “guaranteed” like with SONET/SDH Other OAM function such as Fault Management COE places more emphasis on the importance of the NMS

COE: The best of both worlds Connectionless Ethernet Layer 2 Aggregation Statistical Multiplexing Flexible Bandwidth Granularity Cost Effectiveness SONET / SDH Deterministic and precision QoS Bandwidth reserved per STS / STM 99.999% Availability Highest Security (L1 service) Connection-Oriented Ethernet Layer 2 Aggregation and Statistical Multiplexing Deterministic and precision QoS Bandwidth reserved per connection Flexible Bandwidth Granularity 99.999% Availability Cost effectiveness Highest Security COE makes Carrier Ethernet more like a Layer 1 service but with all the benefits of Layer 2 Ethernet

COE Key Benefits Attributes Benefits Explicit Definition of Ethernet Path Deterministic, Predictable, Scalable, Secure Resource Reservation and Connection Admission Control Guaranteed SLA’s Per Connection QoS and Traffic Engineering Bandwidth Profiles Tiered Services Robust Ethernet OAM Comprehensive Monitoring and Troubleshooting Carrier Class Service Protection < 50ms Protection / Restoration

COE focus today: Service Delivery and Infrastructure in the Metro Why COE ? Makes Ethernet more like SONET which has dominated the metro network Network operations procedures similar to SONET Smooth transition for SONET-trained operations personnel Easily scales to meet large scale metro connectivity and aggregation requirements Ideally suited for: EoX Aggregation for handoff to service edge networks Mobile Backhaul Networks High Performance EVPL and EPL services COE focus today: Service Delivery and Infrastructure in the Metro

Different approaches to COE MPLS-centric COE Ethernet-centric COE Static PW T-MPLS MPLS-TP PBB-TE VLAN Tag Switching PW PW Eth MPLS LSP Eth Eth Eth S-VLAN or PBB-TE Ethernet MPLS Pseudowire (PW) MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP) Ethernet Ethernet-centric COE now being used in metro networks MPLS-centric COE Standards being developed. Proposed usage for interconnection of MPLS core routers Ethernet-centric COE being deployed today

COE Attributes

Attributes of Connection-oriented Ethernet Standardized Services EPL, EVPL, EP-Tree, EVP-Tree MEF 6, MEF 10.2 COE Attributes Deterministic QoS Low Delay, Delay Variation, Loss Y.1731, 802.1ag, MEF 10.2 Bandwidth Resource Reservation High Scalability Millions of EVCs Layer 2 Aggregation Statistical Multiplexing Full Service Management Link Fault Management 802.3ah Service (EVC) Fault Management Y.1731, 802.1ag, High Reliability 50ms Protection / Restoration G.8031 802.3ad Link Aggregation Security Bridging disabled - no vulnerabilities L2 DOS attacks mitigated MAC DOS attacks mitigated COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet

COE Security: Comparable to SONET Management VLANs isolated from Subscriber traffic similar to DCN isolation from subscriber traffic in SONET networks With COE, MAC Address Learning / Flooding is disabled MAC Address spoofing cannot occur MAC table overflow DOS attacks cannot occur With COE, vulnerable Layer 2 Control Protocols (L2CPs) like STP are disabled Protocol-based vulnerabilities (DOS attacks) are mitigated With COE, bridging is disabled so additional ports cannot be bridged to the point-to-point service Traffic snooping cannot occur COE provides security comparable Layer 1 (EoSONET) but without any of SONET bandwidth utilization issues

Session 3: Fujitsu Packet Optical Solutions Ethernet OAM for COE 4/16/2017 Standard Fault Management Comparable to SONET ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1ag Tunnel Layer STS Path / VCG Service (EVC) Layer VT1.5 or STS Path IEEE 802.3ah Link (physical) Layer SONET Line Service OAM Tunnel OAM EVC1 FLASHWAVE CDS EVC1, 2 and 3 EVC2 FLASHWAVE CDS MSC FLASHWAVE CDS EVC3 FLASHWAVE CDS Link Link OAM COE leverages the complete set of Ethernet OAM standards

COE Attributes for Network Survivability IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Groups (LAG) For local (link level) diversity and protection If any fiber or port in LAG fails, other LAG members share the load Can implement 1:1 protection with working/protect LAG members ITU-T G.8031 Linear Path Protection for EVC path diversity and sub-50ms path protection Similar to SONET 1+1 UPSR path protection Simple Provisioning: Setup Working path and Protect path Independent of Network Topology Rings, Meshes, Multiple Rings and Linear Topologies COE achieves high availability via multiple levels of protection

COE Provides Dedicated Protection Switching Ethernet Linear Protection (ITU-T G.8031) Dedicated protection resources < 50ms protection switching time Simple provisioning Failover Link Failure

Link and Path Protection Equivalency SONET 1+1 OC-192 1+1 OC-N 1+1 OC-N UPSR 1+1 OC-N 1+1 OC-N Ethernet 1:1 LAG 1:1 LAG 1:1 LAG G.8031 GE GE 10GE 10GE 10GE 1:1 LAG COE protection similar to SONET

COE Applications

COE Application Categories Transport and Infrastructure Layer 2 Aggregation to Service Edge Networks Mobile Backhaul Triple Play Residential Broadband Backhaul IPTV, Video on Demand, Internet Access, Voice Access to Network-based IP/MPLS VPNs Access to MPLS Inter-Metro Core Network Service Delivery Layer 2 connectivity services EPL and EVPL EP-Tree and EVP-Tree Ethernet Internet Access (EIA)

COE for Layer 2 EoX Aggregation Infrastructure Session 3: Fujitsu Packet Optical Solutions COE for Layer 2 EoX Aggregation Infrastructure 4/16/2017 EoF Internet Access GbE/10GbE GbE/10GbE VoIP/ IMS Aggregation Network COE EoX Eoλ IP VPN EoPDH MPLS Inter-Metro LD Core NxDS-1 PDH Access Network OC-n NxDS-3 MTSO EoCu Copper Access Network Video Serving Office GbE EoS Switched Ethernet Services SONET CPE EoX Access Aggregation Service Edges COE for Ethernet Aggregation for all Service Edge Networks

COE for Business Ethernet Services EPL EVPL EVC EVC UNI Service Multiplexed UNI UNI UNI COE Network COE Network UNI UNI EVC EVC UNI UNI Retail Ethernet Services Service Provider Network Wholesale Access Provider Network UNI E-NNI UNI EVC OVC COE COE Wholesale Ethernet Services

COE for Mobile Backhaul COE Backhaul Transport Network UNI Cell Sites MTSO UNI UNI UNI UNI E-Line and E-Tree Service Types highly suitable for Mobile Backhaul Networks COE meets the stringent requirements of Mobile Backhaul

Summary COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet With added Security benefits COE provides a common metro EoX aggregation solution for Ethernet access to all service edge networks COE facilitates the evolution of SONET metro transport networks to Carrier Ethernet COE is operationally similar to SONET

COE Discussion