Hester Volten, Ellen Brinksma, Stijn Berkhout, Daan Swart, René van der Hoff, Hans Bergwerff, Pieternel Levelt, Gaia Pinardi, Michel Van Roozendael NO 2 lidar profiles measured during the DANDELIONS validation campaign 2006
“How representative is an OMI measurement for surface concentrations?” DANDELIONS Sept – Objectives O 3 : total column and profile (sondes) tropospheric contribution NO 2 : lower tropospheric profile (lidar) total columns (focus: pollution) MAXDOAS intercomparison Aerosol:radiosondes, CIMEL, SPUV, aethalometer CESAR site (Cabauw, °N, 4.927°E) many continuous measurements full meteorological info at location 2007 research questions (for NO 2 ): 1)Shape of NO 2 profiles (and influence on OMINO2) for industrial area 2) Homogeneity of the NO 2 field Dutch Aerosol and Nitrogen Dioxide Experiments for vaLIdation of OMI and SCIAMACHY Cabauw industry Clean air CESAR industry
Participating Institutes and Instruments OMI, SCIAMACHY RIVMNO 2 lidar, NO 2 in-situ monitors, boundary layer lidar BIRA-IASBMAXDOAS, Mini MAXDOAS IUP HeidelbergMAXDOAS (three directions) IUP BremenMAXDOAS NASA-GSFC Direct Sun Instrument (Pandora) KNMI Mini MAXDOAS, ozone sondes, radio sondes TNOSun photometers, volatility system, aethalometer, nephelometer, etc. Nine validation days on Sept 8-13, Data publicly available on AVDC
The third dimension : NO 2 lidar – ground level to about 2.5 km NO 2 in-situ monitor - on the ground and at 200 m Mini MAXDOAS - on the mast (200m)
Mobile NO 2 Lidar telescope Rapid switching between two wavelengths
How to Measure a Profile 300 m
NO 2 Lidar Measurements during the DANDELIONS campaign NO 2 profiles during overpasses – seven different elevations 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 90 deg, 1 azimuth (39 degrees) Spatial variations – two azimuths (39 and -36 deg), 1 elevation (12 degrees) Time variations – 1 azimuth (39 degrees), 1 elevation (12 degrees), long time series EXAMPLE: 12 SEPTEMBER in-situ monitor comparison Mini MAXDOAS heterogeneity
Overview of all NO2 lidar measurements September 2006 Profile assumed in OMI retrieval concentration NO 2 ( g/m 3 ) Altitude (m) Profile shape influences OMI retrieval
OMI L4 tropospheric columns 12 September-polluted day
NO 2 lidar profile compares well with in-situ data
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10, 12,14,16,20,25,30 -10,-8,-6,-4,-3,-2,-1 Example Mini MAXDOAS measurement High sensitivity to the vertical NO 2 distribution in the lowest 200 m Zenith Julian day
Boundary layer growth NO 2 layer below 200 m NO 2 layer above 200 m
NO 2 lidar profile compares badly with in-situ data OMI overpass 12:47 UT
Heterogeneity on 12 September NO 2 lidar - different azimuth angles elevation 12 deg
Heterogeneity on 12 September NO 2 lidar - time series elevation 12 deg
Lidar values smaller or the same as in-situ values No problem Problem !
Lidar versus in-situ NH 3 interference in-situ monitors? No solution: Error through NH3 interference cannot be larger than 6%
Conclusions We had a hugely successful DANDELIONS campaign in Data is available on AVDC. NO 2 lidar profile shapes differ quite a lot from OMI assumption Concentrations on clear and polluted days show large variations, from ~3 to ~50 g/m 3 Heterogeneity in space and time is sometimes very large In-situ data and lidar data do not always agree