Introduction – Mr. Al González Tutorials/Recitation Online Tutoring On campus tutoring Test Aids Who am I? Course Syllabus Soon to come…… Class Organization Lecture – course content (chronological and general to specific) Expectations: Attend every lecture Read your text E-quizzes Visit the OLC Study-Buddy Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Syllabus, Grades & Test Stuff Learn the material and then demonstrate your comprehension of it. Chapter Tests and required assignments result in a grade. No make-ups! Final grades will be based on a total point system (~1000). Grades will be posted on (www.teacherease.com) Let’s check-out the syllabus Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1 A Perspective on Human Genetics Iceland – deCODE Database of Genetic Information Purpose: To identify genetic markers, diseases of the entire population & develop therapies. Info will be shared with the pharmaceutical companies. Controversy? Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Genetics Is the Key to Biology Genetics is the science of heredity Study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Genes Are the basic structural and functional unit of genetics Are sequences of nucleotides in DNA Control cells by directing protein synthesis Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

The Genetic Material - DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Double Helix Composed of Nucleotide subunits Nucleotides are composed of Deoxyribose (sugar) Phosphate group Bases: A (Adenine), T (Thymine) G (Guanine) or C (Cytosine) Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

The Genetic Code Is Universal Sequence of nucleotides determines how the protein is produced from the gene Mutations are changes on the DNA Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Chromosomes Genes are found in the nucleus Arranged on chromosomes Fig. 1.6 Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

How Are Genes Transmitted from Parent to Offspring? Gregor Mendel Monk Conducted experiments (x-bred) or transmitted traits in peas demonstrated the Principles of Inheritance Fig. 1.3 Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Approaches Transmission Genetics Pedigree Analysis Cytogenetics Molecular Genetics Population Genetics Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Transmission Genetics Studies the pattern of inheritance that results when traits are passed from generation to generation Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Pedigree Analysis Family history is used to construct the pattern of how a trait is passed from generation to generation Fig. 1.5 Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Cytogenetics Studies chromosome number and structure Fig. 1.6 Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Molecular Genetics Uses recombinant DNA technology to identify, isolate, clone, and analyze genes Tremendous impact in the last 40 years Debate over social, legal and ethical issues Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Population Genetics Identifies how much genetic variation exists in populations Investigates factors, such as migration, population size, and natural selection, that change the frequency of a specific gene over time Coupled with DNA technology, investigates evolutionary history and DNA identification techniques Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Uses of Genetics Basic Research Information about how genes function What happens when they do not work? Applied Research Commercial products in healthcare, industry, and agriculture Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Genetics and Social Policy Eugenics Genetic Technology Human Genome Project Health Care Recombinant DNA Technology Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Eugenics: A Flawed Idea Francis Galton Selective breeding of humans Traits are not influenced by env’t. Was an influential force in Immigration laws Restriction of reproductive rights Fig. 1.8 Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Genetic Technology Fig. 1.10 Recombinant DNA Important for Research Genetic testing Gene therapy Biotechnology Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Human Genome Project Public and private research Sequence the entire human genome First draft in 2001 completed in 2003 3 billion nucleotides 35,000 genes Genomics focuses on the organization and function of the genomes Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole Health Care Fig. 1.11 Microarray Screens genome 10 million children and adults in U.S. suffer from a genetic disorder Develop new treatments Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Recombinant DNA Technology Genetically modified food Production of human proteins to treat disease How should this technology be used? What are the ethical, legal, and social concerns? Controversial? Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole

Timeline of Recent Changes Chapter 1: Human Heredity by Cummings Thompson Learning Brooks/ Cole