Factors Influencing Conditioning Intensity Attention Contiguity (aka “when”) Relevance Surprise Contingency (aka “whether”) Next.

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Presentation transcript:

Factors Influencing Conditioning Intensity Attention Contiguity (aka “when”) Relevance Surprise Contingency (aka “whether”) Next

CS Intensity Affects Rate but not Asymptote of Conditioning cs US CS US Weak CS Strong CS

Suppression and CS Intensity

Another CS Intensity Effect Overshadowing – the more salient CS wins if two CS are trained in compound GroupTreatmentTest x OvershadowAx  US cr ControlAx  US CR

US Intensity Affects Rate and Asymptote of Conditioning CS us CS US Weak US Strong US

Suppression and US Intensity Back

CS Preexposure Experiment (Latent Inhibition or LI) GroupPhase 1Phase 2Test CS Experimental CSCS  US cr Control ----CS  US CR Because the CS is a benign stimulus it will lose the capacity to command attention if preexposed Relation to schizophrenia Back

CS US Delay CS US Trace US Explicitly Unpaired Weaker conditioned responding Temporal Contiguity CS US Simultaneous Back

Is forward contiguity sufficient [enough]?

CS-US Relevance From Garcia & Koelling, 1966 Back

Blocking and Surprise GroupStage 1Stage 2Test Result Blocking A  USAB  US B? cr Control AB  US B? CR Back

A Contingency Experiment Positively Correlated CS US Chance of US per CS = 2/4 =.5 Chance of US outside CS =0/10 = 0

A Contingency Experiment Uncorrelated CS US Chance of US per CS = 2/4 =.5 Chance of US outside CS =5/10 =.5

2/4 =.5 A Contingency Experiment Negatively Correlated CS US Chance of US per CS = Chance of US outside CS =5/10 =.5 0/4 =.0

It’s a little like… Animals are scientists, trying to make causal predictions. …trying to determine whether the US is contingent on the CS

Quantifying p(US|CS) = proportion of CS trials with a US p(US|no CS) = proportion of “background” only trials with a US  p = p(US|CS) - p(US|no CS)

Some Examples p(US|CS) 20/20 = /20 =.75 10/20 =.50 0/20 = 0 p(US|no CS) 0/60 = 0 6/60 =.10 30/60 =.5 45/60 =.75 60/60 = p p

P(US/no CS) P(US/ CS) Negative Positive

Consequences for Controls Selection of appropriate control depends on your theory –explicitly unpaired (CS pairings) –uncorrelated/truly random control (contingency) –CS alone (sensitization) –US alone (sensitization caused by arousal)

Rats as Statisticians? US CS no US no CS P(US/CS) P(US/no CS)

Better Idea Background becomes associated with the US Background competes with CS for association with the US