1Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CISCO IOS QUALITY OF SERVICE UPDATE Tim McSweeney Product Manager, QoS Internet Technologies Division

2Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Agenda The Need for Quality of Service (QoS) Cisco IOS QoS Framework Roadmap Overview

3Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Source: Forrester Research Inc It Begins and Ends with Applications 3Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ApplicationCost of Downtime per Minute Survey of 250 Fortune 1000 companies ERP Supply Chain Management E-Commerce Internet Banking Customer Service Center Electronic Funds Transfer Messaging $13,000 $11,000 $10,000 $7,000 $3,700 $3,500 $1,000 Source: Forrester Research Inc Reliability Goal: Eliminate Network Failure Points

4Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. How Do We Make the Network Reliable? CxO & Network Manager Perspective PERFORMANCE AVAILABILITY SECURITY Cisco Integrated Security Cisco Quality of Service (QoS) Cisco Globally Resilient IP RELIABILITY

5Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. What is QoS? Basic Perspectives The User Perspective The network capability to provide the desired application performance It’s all about the applications and their users Voice, Video, and Data The Network Manager Perspective Bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss are policy variables to achieve the desired application performance Cost savings through efficient use of physical infrastructure

6Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Why Not Just “Add Bandwidth” For Performance? Adding bandwidth is NOT free! A real example: Hotel chain with 2000 locations in the U.S. Going from 128Kbps to 256Kbps for application performance = $256 extra per site/month = $512K/month for 2000 sites = $6.1M/year in additional cost! QoS provided required network performance for the hotel reservation application, saving the customer recurring OPEX! Bandwidth is not the same everywhere Dependent on location, SLA, and Service Need to prioritize bandwidth utilization on the network There are speed mismatches, leading to congestion (transient or persistent), in every network Insurance policy for business critical applications

7Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. What Customers Have Deployed Cisco IOS QoS? … And Many More! The World Bank Group

8Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Agenda The Need for QoS Cisco IOS QoS Framework Roadmap Overview

9Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. QoS Evolution 199x Time 199x 200x Best Effort IP Model Integrated Services Model Differentiated Services Model DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering (DS-TE) & L2 VPN QoS QoS Intelligence & Automation

10Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. P r o v i s i o n i n g & M o n i t o r i n g – CBQoSMIB, QPM, IPM/SMS P r o v i s i o n i n g & M o n i t o r i n g – CBQoSMIB, QPM, IPM/SMS P o l i c y – The Modular QoS CLI (MQC) Cisco IOS QoS Framework VPN Multimedia (Video Conf) Multimedia (Video Conf) Other Services Mission Critical Other Services Mission Critical VoIP Signaling (ECN,RSVP-QoS,RSVP-TE) Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation) Congestion Avoidance Mechanisms (RED, WRED, WRED-ECN) Congestion Management Techniques (WFQ,CBWFQ,LLQ) Classification & Marking (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.) Frame Relay Frame Relay PPP HDLC PPP HDLC DLSw SDLC DLSw SDLC ATM FE Gig.E FE Gig.E FXO/FXS T1 PBX FXO/FXS T1 PBX xDSL Cable xDSL Cable Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping) Hybrid-Models MPLS-TE DiffServ IntServ

11Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Network-Based Application Recognition My Application is too slow! Citrix25% Netshow 15% Fasttrack10% FTP30% HTTP20% Link Utilization Mark Citrix as Interactive traffic and police FTP. Guarantee bandwidth for Citrix! Intelligent Classification Engine used in conjunction with QoS class-based features Protocol Discovery analyzes application traffic patterns in real time and Discovers which traffic is running on the network

12Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. NBAR Benefit Footprint and Hardware Support Enterprise Backbone Enterprise Premise Edge Service Provider Aggregation Edge Service Provider Core Application classification Precise QoS treatment Application statistics for bandwidth provisioning Top-n views Threshold settings Mapping applications to an SP’s service offering Cisco Catalyst 6500 and 7600 Series MSFC Planned ASIC Cisco Catalyst 6500 and 7600 Series FlexWAN, MWAM Planned ASIC Cisco 7100, 7200, and 7500 Series Cisco 83x, 1700, XM, 3600, and 3700 Series Cisco Catalyst 6500 and 7600 Series FlexWAN, MWAM Planned ASIC Cisco 7100, 7200, and 7500 Series Cisco Catalyst 6500 and 7600 Series FlexWAN, MWAM Planned ASIC Cisco 7500 Series

13Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. NBAR – Intelligent Classification IP packet classifier that is capable of classifying applications that have: Statically assigned TCP and UDP port numbers Non-TCP and non-UDP IP protocols Dynamically assigned TCP and UDP port numbers during connection establishment Classification based on deep packet inspection – NBAR’s ability to look deeper into the packet to identify applications HTTP traffic by URL, host name or MIME type using regular expressions (*, ?, [ ]), Citrix ICA traffic, RTP Payload type classification Currently supports 88 protocols/applications

14Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 14Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The QoS Challenge: Reduce the Cost & Time to Deploy QoS 199x Time 199x 200x Time Total Cost Designing Learning Configuring Monitoring & Reporting Manual QoS Deployment Cisco AutoQoS Target: Cheaper & Faster!

15Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco AutoQoS Uses Intelligence to Automate Automation makes it simpler to Get a quick start on QoS deployment Deploy QoS in the most common business scenarios Reduce operator and configuration errors Gain visibility into network & application performance Simpler implies faster and cheaper Example Scenario: I need to add VoIP to my network -Where do I begin for QoS on the network? -On what should I monitor and report? Cisco AutoQoS drastically reduces learning, designing, and configuration

16Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Application Classification Example: automatically discovering applications and providing appropriate QoS treatment Policy Generation Example: auto-generation of initial and ongoing QoS policies Configuration Example: providing high level business knobs, and multi-device / domain automation for QoS Monitoring & Reporting Example: generating intelligent, automatic alerts and summary reports Consistency Example: enabling automatic, seamless interoperability among all QoS features and parameters across a network topology LAN, MAN, and WAN Cisco AutoQoS – Automating the Key Elements of QoS Deployment

17Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco AutoQoS–VoIP Automatic QoS for VoIP Traffic interface Multilink1 ip address ip tcp header-compression iphc-format load-interval 30 service-policy output QoS-Policy ppp multilink ppp multilink fragment-delay 10 ppp multilink interleave interface Serial0 –bandwidth 256 –Ip address –auto qos voip Configures Each Switch or Router LAN & WAN - Routers & Switches One single command enables Cisco QoS for VoIP on a given port, interface or PVC

18Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. QoS Deployment for VoIP Consistent, end-to-end QoS for VoIP WAN Access LayerWANDistribution Layer Classification & Trust Boundary Marking / Remarking Egress Queue Scheduling Buffer Management Intelligent Classification Bandwidth Provisioning Admission Control Shaping Link Fragmentation & Interleaving Header Compression Layer 3 Policing Egress Scheduling (Multiple Queues with WRR) Priority Queuing for VOIP Buffer Management

19Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The Proof is in the Savings with Cisco AutoQoS! Up to 3 Times Cheaper & Faster QoS Deployments! Faster QoS deployments allow customers to realize VoIP opportunities more quickly!

20Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Fine tuning of AutoQoS-generated parameters by user, if desired 20Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco AutoQoS-VoIP Framework DiffServ Functions Automated DiffServ Function QoS Feature Behavior ClassificationNBAR DSCP, Port Classification of VoIP based on packet attributes or port trust MarkingClass-based marking Set L3 / L2 attributes to categorize packets into a class Congestion Management Percentage-based LLQ, WRR Provide EF treatment to voice & BE treatment to data ShapingClass-based shaping or FRTS Shape to CIR to prevent burst & smooth traffic to Configured Rate Link Efficiency Mechanism Header compressionReduce the VoIP bandwidth requirement Link Efficiency Mechanism Link fragmentation & interleaving Reduce jitter experienced by voice packets

21Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 21Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.FunctionalityBenefits Auto-determination of Wide-Area Network (WAN) Settings Automatic determination of WAN settings for fragmentation and interleaving, compression, encapsulation, and Frame Relay-ATM interworking. Eliminates the need to understand QoS theory and design practices in common deployment scenarios. Initial Policy Generation Initial Policy Generation provides users an advanced starting point for VoIP deployments. This reduces the time needed to establish an initial feasible QoS policy solution that includes providing QoS to VoIP bearer traffic, signaling traffic, and best-effort data. Traps & Reporting Syslog & SNMP traps provide visibility into the Classes of Service deployed, and notification of abnormal events such as VoIP packet drops. Intelligent Classification of Network Traffic Using Cisco Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR) for deep and stateful packet inspection, this feature can identify VoIP bearer and control traffic. Simplifies QoS configurations by reducing – and in some cases eliminating – the need for Access Control Lists (ACLs). Cisco AutoQoS-VoIP Functionality & Benefits – WAN

22Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.FunctionalityBenefits Simplified Configuration In one command, Cisco AutoQoS configures the port to prioritize voice traffic without affecting other network traffic. Includes the flexibility to tune Cisco AutoQoS settings for unique network requirements. Automated and Secure Automatically detects Cisco IP Phones and enables Cisco AutoQoS settings (Catalyst 2950 & 3550). Prevents malicious activity by disabling QoS settings when a Cisco IP phone is relocated/moved. Optimal VoIP Performance Leverages decades of networking experience, extensive lab performance testing, and input from a broad base of customer AVVID installations to determine the optimal QoS configuration for typical VoIP deployments. Uses all advanced QoS capabilities of the Cisco Catalyst switches. End-to-End Interoperability Designed to work in harmony with the Cisco AutoQoS settings on all other Cisco switches and routers, ensuring consistent end-to-end QoS. Cisco AutoQoS-VoIP Functionality & Benefits – LAN

23Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 23Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. interface Multilink1 ip address ip tcp header-compression iphc-format load-interval 30 service-policy output QoS-Policy ppp multilink ppp multilink fragment-delay 10 ppp multilink interleave interface Serial0 –bandwidth 256 –Ip address –auto qos voip QoS Policy Manager (QPM) Centralized, web-based tool to manage network-wide QoS for multiple devices Cisco IOS and CatOS Using Cisco AutoQoS – VoIP & CiscoWorks QPM Configures Each Switch or Router

24Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Software Application 40% Operational Errors 40% Network 20% Platform Problems The network Operating system or hardware Change management Application bugs (I.e., DNS) Misconfiguration Source: Gartner Group, CNET News.com Jan 26, 2001 Not to Forget…. Human Error is the Most Significant Contributor to Downtime Process consistency AutoQoS reduces potential for operator error AutoQoS reduces potential for operator error

25Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 25Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Understanding the Complete Cisco QoS Picture Cisco Modular QoS CLI (MQC – The User Language) Cisco Modular QoS CLI (MQC – The User Language) CiscoWorks QoS Policy Manager Cisco AutoQoS Cisco IOS Software or Cisco Catalyst OS Cisco QoS Features Cisco Router or Switch Data Video Voice

26Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 26Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Application Classification Cisco AutoQoS identifies VoIP bearer and control traffic Policy Generation Cisco AutoQoS evaluates the network environment and generates initial policy on a given Port, Interface, or PVC Configuration Cisco AutoQoS provides a single command to enable QoS on each interface/PVC QPM provides centralized network-wide configuration, management and monitoring Monitoring & Reporting Traps issued on VoIP packet drops QPM uses data received from network devices to generate QoS reports Consistency Cisco AutoQoS is fully inter-operable between LAN & WAN devices Agile QoS Deployment for VoIP Cisco AutoQoS-VoIP and CiscoWorks QPM

27Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco AutoQoS – VoIP Feature AvailabilityPlatformSoftwareAvailability Cisco Catalyst 2950 and 3550 Switches Cisco IOS SoftwareToday! Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches Cisco Catalyst OSToday! Cisco 2600, 2600-XM, 3600, 3700, 7200 Series Routers Cisco IOS Software Today! Cisco Catalyst 4000 & 4500 Series Switches Cisco IOS SoftwareToday!

28Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 28Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Agenda The Need for QoS Cisco IOS QoS Framework Roadmap Overview

29Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 29Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco AutoQoS – The Vision Evolve the network to an intelligent entity that tunes itself for QoS Provide high-level business knobs Customer retains ultimate control

30Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS QoS Roadmap Highlights 2H 20021H 20032H 20031H 2004 Time Functionality Flow-QoS, Cisco AutoQoS Phase 3 – High-Level Policies NBAR Protocol Discovery MIB, IPv6 QoS L2VPN QoS, Cisco AutoQoS Phase 2 – Voice/Video/Data Cisco AutoQoS Phase 1 – VoIP Crypto-Engine QoS

31Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 31Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. AutoQoS for the Enterprise 1.Run AutoDiscovery to profile traffic: Collects data from the offered traffic for several days, a week, etc., as desired: Uses NBAR-based protocol discovery Performs statistical analysis 2.Generate & deploy MQC- based QoS policies: Maps applications to their corresponding DiffServ classes Assigns appropriate values for bandwidth and scheduling parameters Comprehensive QoS Deployment in Two Steps Procedure: 1.Invoke "auto discovery qos“ on the applicable link Use "show auto discovery qos“ to view data collection in progress 2.Automatically configure the link with “auto qos” command Use "show auto qos" to display the QoS policy settings deployed

32Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Transactional/InteractiveAF21 Telephony Signaling CS3 Streaming Video CS4 Interactive Video AF41 Interactive Voice EF Network Management CS2 Bulk Data AF11 ScavengerCS1 Best Effort 0 IP Routing CS6 TrafficClassDSCP AutoQoS DiffServ Class Provisioning Automatically provisions for 10 classes 11/03

33Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 33Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Roadmap for Cisco IOS Quality of Service Automation & Simplification for QoS Deployment Nov2004Aug2004Sept2004Jul2004Jun2004May2004Apr2004Mar2004Feb2004Jan2004Dec2004Nov2003Oct2003Sept2003Aug2003Jul2003 Layer 2 VPN QoS Oct (26)S Frame-Relay over IP/MPLS QoS ATM Cell & AAL5 over IP/MPLS QoS Ethernet over IP/MPLS QoS 12.3(4)T CBQoSMIB Enhancements NBAR – User- Defined Custom Application Classification NBAR – Extended Inspection for HTTP Traffic ACLs: Turbo- Classification for QoS on 7200 Targeting 12.0(27)S L2TPv3 QoS MFR QoS FECN/BECN over L2TPv3 L2 CoS-based WRED Set L2 CoS as Police Action Targeting 12.3(Rls3)T AutoQoS for the Enterprise NAT-NBAR integration: RTSP over NAT NBAR PDLMs – RTSP, Citrix ICA & others QoS Intelligence for Increased Flexibility and Control

34Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34

35Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. While AutoDiscovery Runs, View Data Collection & Configure the Link 1. Start AutoDiscovery: auto discovery qos Stop AutoDiscovery: no auto discovery qos AutoDiscovery collects & analyzes traffic statistics View data collection in progress: show auto discovery qos 2. Configure the link: auto qos View the QoS policy settings deployed: show auto qos