USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station  Astronautics Overview  Satellite and communications Labs  Satellite Student Design Projects  Ground Station Ops  Extracurricular Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer April 2008 RAFT & MARScom

Astraonautics Track Overview 8 Faculty in Astronautics (out of 16 total in Aerospace)  3 Full time Civilian Astronautics Faculty (PhD)  2 Full time Military (PhD) .5 Half-time with NASA Faculty (PhD) .5 Half-time Aero (structures) (PhD)  2 Funded Chairs (PhD)  1 Engineer (Labs and Satellite Projects)(MS EE)  Students  Astro(30%) (out of in Aerospace Major)

Astronautics Budget Internal O&M,N$150K Navy Network Warfare$150K (Space Chair, Tech, Support) External (Gift or Endowment) Heinline Chair$130K (endowed chair) Roger’s Chair$140K (endowed chair) Aerospace Corp$ 50K (ParkinsonSat) Aero Gift Fund$ 5K (Various) Total Budget about $625K

Satellite Labs  Missions, Orbits, STK Projects  Communications, Links, Antennas  Transmitters, Receivers, Losses  EPS, Electrical Power System  Signals and Telemetry  Thermal Lab  ADCS Indoor Outdoor Noise temperature

Antenna Lab Geo Arc and 9 operating positions VHF dipole UHF Satcom C/Ku band TVRO

Communications, Receivers, Losses Gain, losses Amps and LNA’s Cable losses Geo-Arc Beamwidth Spectrum Analyzer Downconverters Demod, Decoding UFO

Communications, Links, Gain Wavelength Antenna Size Types Gain, Beamwidth Link Budget SNR SWR Matching

Antenna Lab for Seniors RF LABsat model on rotor Rotator and S/A to plot pattern Dipole 1 Antenna Phasing experiment

Antenna Link Budget and Gain  Uses small 2.4 GHz camera/transmitters  First observe dipole link (1000’)  Place dipole at dish focus and measure gain  Swing dish to see Beamwidth

Antenna Matching and Plots Using PI network to match spacecraft antenna for best SWR Using GPS signals to plot antenna pattern of GPS

EPS Lab Solar Panels I-V curves Distribution Regulation Shadowing RTG demo EPS LABsat Design Lab Begin using LABsats

Telemetry Lab Sensors Circuits Conditioning Engineering conversion Decoding Protocols

Thermal Lab Conduction Radiation Absorbtivity Emissivity Insulation

Attitude Control Labs (LABsats) Can demo all but gravity gradient

ADCS (P-sat Demo) Actual Torques and Earth’s Magnetic Field

US Naval Academy LABsats Labsats mostly integrated into labs by 2004

Basic USNA’sat Ham Radio TNC Terminal Node Controller $180

Transmitter Tests Power out Efficiency Temperature Spectrum and EMI

Receiver Tests

Demodulation - FSK  All Seven Student LABsats on the air  Sharing a single TDMA channel  Using FSK for demodulation

Demodulation - PSK LABsat configured as HF to UHF linear transponder Indoor LABsat RX PSK-31 Waterfall Spectrum display on Student’s workstation

Command-Control-Telemetry Ground Stations Laptop Ground Stations for PCSAT’s, ANDE, RAFT, etc

USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station  Satellite and communications Labs  Satellite Design Projects Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer RAFT PCSAT MIDSTAR

Satellite Design Projects  NATSweb– 1 st Sea-Launch (1997 scrubbed in last week!)  PCsat– Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001  Sapphire-- Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001  PCSAT2– STS Jul 06 return to flight  ARISS– Launched on Progress Aug 2003  ANDE– STS Dec 06  RAFT1– STS Dec 06  MARScom– STS Dec 06  MIDSTAR- STP-1 9 Mar 07  ParkinsonSAT – Commenced Fall 2006

Low-Cost Satellite Design Projects  NATSweb– $ 2k 1 st Sea-Launch (1997 scrubbed in last week!)  PCsat– $30k Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001  Sapphire- $?? Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001  PCSAT2– $35k STS Jul 06 return to flight  ARISS– $ 2k Launched on Progress Aug 2003  ANDE– $35kLaunched STS Dec 06  RAFT1– $15KLaunched STS Dec 06  MARScom– $15KLaunched STS Dec 06  MIDSTAR- $1.8M Launched Atlas-V Mar 07  ParkinsonSAT – $50kCommenced Fall 2006

Satellite Design Involvement PCsat16 projects Goodhiew 97, Morgan 98, Lundberg, Scrabeck, Gomez, Melanson, Kollar, Mattera, Ortiz 99 - Burroughs 99, Schwenzer, Nolan, Lawrence, Boutros 2000, Sullivan, Gutweiler 2001, Machinest: Mike Spencer PCSAT28 projects Otero, Silver, Jones, Kolwicz, Evans, and Henry(03) Operations: Paquette and Robeson(05) ANDE8 projects Aaron, Villalbi, and Weisenberg, Kelley, Keller, Harris(03), Patterson, & Ensign Sillman(02) RAFT116 projects Robeson, Paquette (06) - Orloff, Kinzbrunner, and Rose(05) - Baker, Tuttle, Colvin (04) Abbott, Atwater, Brandt, Hansen, McLean(03). And 3 in (02) Midstar/ICsat 56 students over 8 years ParkinsonSAT 21 projects Papso, Edirisinghe, Icard, Meyer, Phillips(08), - Dendinger, Lewis, Lwin, Campbell, Sydney, Okun, Londono, Smythe, Lindsay, Mayer 07 -Koeppel, Lovick, Paquette, Piggrem, Robeson, Vandegriff (06) OPERATIONS: EA-204 Intro to Astro (100 students / year). EA-467 Labs (30/yr)

USNA Constellation

PCsat, launched 30 Sept 2001 Team: 6 Students/yr, 2 Profs, 1 Engineer 2200 Amateur Satellite Users Still semi-operational

Current Status Full recovery after each full-sun period. Negative power budget due to fail-safe default RX/TX

PCsat Comms Mission Data Relay (Situational Awareness) for Mobiles and Handheld radios. GPS tracking and LIVE to WEB Blue Force Tracking

Typical PCsat User Station (Blue Force Tracking)

Typical Pass Display

Internet Linked Ground Stns pcsat.aprs.org

Internet Linked Ground Stns pcsat.aprs.org

Internet Linked Data Displays pcsat.aprs.org

PCsat “Student Operations”

Other Experiments through PCsat  Antarctic WX station  F-16 downed flyer demo (Rome Air Development Center)  Arctic Tracking (trucks up frozen rivers >70º Latitude)  ISS Joint Ops (2 weeks of constellation flying)  USNA Marconi Re-enactment ( St Johns Newfoundland)  2200 other users worldwide

Air & Space Museum Donated April 2004 to Smithsonian For Display At Dulles

 Very short development time  Simplicity and off the shelf  Educational Project  Communications service to Users  Telemetry for Space Environment  Configuration controlled on the ground Bob Bruninga US Naval Academy Satellite Lab Amateur Satellite Service partnering with DOD and ARISS PCSAT2, DOD synergy in the Amateur Satellite Service

40 Solar Cell Samples Latest triple junction technology NASA/Glen Solar Experiment

MISSE5 – PCSat2 – 26 July Midshipmen involved in early integration and testing of PCSat2 electronics. Two views of the initial deployment of MISSE/PCSat by astronaut Soichi Noguchi. It was installed 8 days after the launch of STS-114 (26 July 05)

Satellite Transponders

PCSAT2 Location Returned August 2006 after a year’s exposure

Global Situational Awareness Network

Handheld Mobile Typical User Station Encourage Schools and Students to get involved in Space Tiny!

ANDE Satellite Atmospheric Drag USNA Comms Telemetry - Temperature - Attitude - Laser Control Joint Project with NRL Primary Lithium Batteries

ANDE Deployment 21 Dec 2006 Initially FCAL separated from the container, but not ANDE Radar returns later indicated ANDE separation

ANDE Satellite

Deployed STS-116 Dec 06

ANDE, CAPE, ICU

RAFT Project (two Satellites) RAFT-1 (~PCsat) MARScom NSSS Radar Fence MHz

Stanford Cubesat Projects 50 in construction! AIAA/USU Conference 30% of all papers were related to CUBESATS

Simple LABsat TLM/CMD System

RAFT/MARScom Deployment (SSPL5510)  Stuff

NAVSPASUR Radar Fence Daily Bistatic Radar Demonstrations

RAFT Deployment

RAFT Project (MARScom) UHF AM up HF SSB downlink YP Radios

MIDSTAR Mission 9 March 2007 Atlas-V EELV ESPA Ring ICsat & CFTP Midn, Mems, Ncnu S-band No attitude control

USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station  Satellite and communications Labs  Satellite Design Projects  Ground Station Ops  Extracurricular Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer PCSAT-1, ANDE/RAFT 12 Meter (AO-40) C/Ku TVRO (NASA TV) Teleconferencing Summer Seminars, Tours AMSAT Tracking

PCSAT1/2 Telemetry & Commanding

USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station RS0ISS>PP0PP0,SGATE,qAo: Go Army beat Navy! PCSAT-1>APRS,SGATE,qAo: Go Navy Beat Army! PCSAT2>APRS,SGATE,qAo: Go Navy Beat Army!

USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station  Satellite and communications Labs  Ground Station Ops  Satellite Design Projects  Extracurricular Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer

Other Activities Space Day (Air&Space) AMSAT (North America) Marconi 100 th (St Johns) BSA RadioBadge School Mentoring Balloon Tracking

AMSAT Operations AO-40 Rescue - PCSAT2

USNA Extracurricular Activities Annual Moonbounce Event Football & Boat GPS Tracking, Comms, Imagry, Data, Internet Imagry W3ADO, oldest USNA ECA (1928) Sea Trials

 The comm channels can potentially draw from over 30,000 experimenters for easy assessment of loading and scaling issues.  Not only the sensors and users exist, but the global Internet collection and distribution system also exists from PCSAT1 & 2, ANDE and RAFT.  Our Satellites provide a low cost educational transponder supporting not only GPS position reporting but also remote WX stations and other data link experiments and other University and School Experiments.