Functioning Mind Stan Franklin A “Consciousness” Based Architecture for a Functioning Mind Stan Franklin and the Conscious Software Research Group Institute for Intelligent Systems University of Memphis

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin The Conscious Software Research Group Stan Franklin Art Graesser Sri Satish Ambati Ashraf Anwar Myles Bogner* Arpad Kelemen Ravikumar Kondadadi Lee McCauley Irina Makkaveeva Aregahegn Negatu Uma Ramamurthy Alexei Stoliartchouk Zhouhua Zhang Scott Dodson* Gurumoorthy Nagasubramanian* Brent Olde* Hongjun Song* Yun Wan* * former member off to better things

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Autonomous Agent An autonomous agent is a system situated within and a part of an environment that senses that environment and acts on it, over time, in pursuit of its own agenda so as to effect what it senses in the future.

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Examples

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Global Workspace Theory A psychological theory of consciousness The nervous system is a distributed parallel system with many different specialized processors Global workspace contains a coalition of processors Broadcasts globally to all other processors Recruit other processors needed for any degree of novel or problematic situation Explains limited capacity and seriality

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Contexts at work

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Why a ‘Conscious’ Agent? Flesh out the theory with detailed architecture and mechanisms Hypotheses for cognitive scientists and neuroscientists Produce flexible, adaptive, human-like software Want smart agents? Model them after humans.

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin IDA: an Intelligent Distribution Agent Detailer Telephone Read personnel data Check job requisition list Adhere to Navy policies Choose jobs to offer members Negotiate with members Write orders Internet I D A

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Modules and Mechanisms Perception—Copycat Architecture—Hofstadter Action Selection—Behavior Net—Maes Associative Memory—Sparse Distributed Memory—Kanerva Episodic Memory—Case-based Memory Emotions—Pandemonium Theory—Jackson Metacognition—Fuzzy Classifier Systems—Holland, Zadeh Learning—Copycat Architecture, Case-based Reasoning Constraint Satisfaction—Linear Functional Language Generation—Pandemonium Theory Deliberation—Pandemonium Theory “Consciousness” —Pandemonium Theory

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin IDA’s Architecture “Consciousness” Perception Metacognition Associative Memory Episodic Memory Behavior Net Emotions Database Perception Linear Functional DeliberationNegotiation Write Orders Conceptual & Behavioral Learning

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Levels of abstraction High level –behaviors –message type nodes –emotions –metacognitive actions –etc. Low level –codelets

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Codelets Small pieces of code each performing a simple, specialized task Acts as a demon, always watching for a chance to act Most subserve some high level entity, e.g. –behavior –slipnet node –metacognitive action Some codelets work on their own, e.g. –watching for incoming mail –checking for time and place conflicts Codelets do almost all the work IDA is a multi-agent system

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Perception via a Slipnet preferenceacceptance information request location San Diego Miami Norfolk Jacksonville... Norfolk norfolk norNRFK

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Associative Memory Working memory Focus Sparse Distribute Memory — Boolean Space — dim = N (enough to code features) bit vector PerceptionBehavior NetEmotionDeliberation Job List Outgoing Message

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Coalitions and Consciousness Coalition manager Spotlight manager Broadcast mechanism

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Behavior Net in Action Behavior net templates Behavior net Side lines Playing field Stands Work Space Broadcast

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin A Behavior Stream Find and move a template Compose an acknowledgment Find an address Drive to Acknowledge From the Sidelines Activation from drive Activation from the environment, external or internal Send an acknowledgement

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Deliberation Faced with a goal or problem Imagine possible plans or solutions –Scenarios –Routes –Internal virtual reality—Dawkins Evaluate them –Using reason –Using emotions Choose among them

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin IDA’s Deliberation Create scenes –May require objects, actors, concepts, relations, frames –Organized around events Build scenarios as sequences of scenes Choose between scenarios, discarding some Using Barsalou’s perceptual symbol systems as a guide

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin “Consciousness” in Action Associative Memory Working memory Focus Playing Field Stands Outgoing Message Job List

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Metacognition Thinking about thinking What Sloman calls meta-management Influences action selection strategies –More or less opportunistic, thoughtful or goal-oriented Influences resource allocation Fuzzy classifier system

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Learning Associative learning via pandemonium theory Associative learning via sparse distributed memory Perceptual learning via case-based reasoning Behavioral learning via case-based reasoning Metacognitive learning via classifiers

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Modeling Cognition Situated (embodied) cognition—Varela, Thompson & Roach Perceptual symbol systems—Barsalou Memory via actions—Glenberg Global workspace theory—Baars Cognitive architecture—Sloman

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Sloman’s Architecture

Functioning Mind Stan Franklin Web and Addresses Stan Franklin “Conscious” Software Research Group CMattie Project— IDA Project—