WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department The sphere containing multi PMT’s: - HV and discriminator board for each individual PMT - Continuing tests 3.5 inch PMT specifications - Basin for testing half a sphere 16 PMT’s movable in water with a fixed photon source - Suspension/fixation of the 16 PMT’s in half a sphere The DAQ system, especially: - Vertical cabling and suspension of spheres - First data transport tests over copper - Developments in the all optical readout system Major external contacts: - Infineon VDSL 2 evaluation board set (on technical non disclosure base with NIKHEF) - Interaction with the Technical University of Eindhoven - Interactions with ACREO (Sweden) developments of a poled fiber based modulator - Visiting C.I.P. about the feasibility of the “all optical” read out system especially custom integrated photonic circuits - Visiting Seacon Europe for the construction of the vertical line cabling Progress of developments for the NIKHEF technical departments since the WP3 and WP4 meetings in Paris

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department 1. PMT data from sphere to shore (10 Gb/sec) 2. Detector control data from shore to sphere v.v. (100 Mb/sec??) compass, tilt, temperature, flow, salinity, acoustics, beacons ?? 3. Communication for time calibration 4. Determine a different physical layer for emergency reset, a fallback channel, redundant control?? General KM3NeT data communication requirements ?

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department C.I.P. Is a partner in European research programs on WDM-PON e.g. PIEMAN ~ Photonic Integrated Extended Metro and Access Network low cost reliable Many variations of the booming FTTH architecture

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department vdsl2 10kV/400V Ref: Catania 400/48V 3Gbps LINE 1 apd 30:1 ADM n 2.. n logic mux vdsl2 48V/3.5 logic x c PMT c OM 1 <100Mbps Vertical Cable VDSL2 Main cable GPS rec. Shore station laser 1..n 1 n Clock apd clck-sc-cal. data GbE Copper Logics CPUs Power apd 1:n 1.. n branch equivalent 10kV JB branch Anchors LINE 2..n n = number of lines on 10kV branch (<60) Branch cable: n x in one fibre, 1 x 10kV power line m branches Main cable: m fibres, 1 x 10kV power line m = number of branches vdsl2 General diagram photonic-copper mix OM 2..30

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department VDSL 2 CO (central office) VDSL 2 CPE (customer premises equipment) Infineon VDSL2 evaluation boards 540 meter twisted pair 18 x 30 meter

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department time amplitude frequency power 4096 carriers First VDSL 2 channel measurement

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department General diagram “all optical” GPS rec x Shore station c PMT Optical module c laser 1..n 2 n+1 1> n+ n+1 data ~30 x Clock apd clck-sc-cal. data GbE Copper Logics CPUs Power ~16 x Power apd Clock cal ½ns serdes Production model Independent manufacturing 365 lines? Single Fibre per line

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department GPS rec x Shore station c PMT Optical module or instrumentation c laser 1..n 2 n+1 1 or n+ n+1 SOA data ~25 x Clock apd clck-sc-cal. data GbE Copper Logics CPUs Power ~16 x Power apd Clock cal ½ns serdes EAM Production model Independent manufacturing 365 lines? Single Fibre per line ? 200 optical channels in 1 fibre possible O/E process Concentrated equipment on shore Distributed modules offshore Line base Suits well in the base line approach: Cost driven, Proven technology Progress on the general diagram “all optical”

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department Hit 1 Hit 2 Two with overlap Shower? Late hit? Single photon pulse : Typ 5 nsec (Min 2 nsec and 7 nsec post ampl.) 1 nsec PMT number time 7 nsec 15 Random or first? PMT outputs of a typical event in a multiple PMT OM ~ 7ns Time over threshold single photon pulse resourced by a 3.5 “ PMT

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department From PMT’s I 0 I 1 I x identifier DDDDDDDDDDD one optical pulse triggers the intrinsic part of the photo diode serialized output after one optical trigger electric output to optical modulator CW + clk pulse from shore 3 Electronic-photonic front end 15 1,6 nsec 3,2 nsec Puls det & gain flattening ~ 7ns 16 PMT’s and 4 identifiers => 20 data bits. Optical trigger repetition rate: 1,6 nsec 3,2 nsec psec sample pulse width. If “D” delay 100 psec then the system adapts to 10Gbit/secoptical transmission technology. e.g. every 2 nsec I 0 I 1 I x Modulator, e/o and 2R or 3R ? unit

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department Hit 1 Hit 2 Late hit? PMT 2 PMT 5 2 nsec Readout pulses x PMT psec PMT value readout method “all optical” Readout pulses

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department (metal-silicon-metal photo diode) 100 psec Single Serial to parallel photonic chip Optical trigger e.g. signal from PMT circuitry

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department GPS Trigg. de_serialize line control Calibration pulse Computer system Data buffer readout clk 1,6 3,2 nsec event time o/e The shore station transmits a calibration signal. The calibration signal is reflected by each optical module to the shore station for signal propagation delay calculation. zero supp. ? e/o Basic approach “head end” TDC Clk gen. enable event timestamp generation data Propagation Cal. pulse

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department BER: Bit Error Ratio or Bit Error Rate the ratio of the number of bits received erroneously to the total number of bits transmitted. BER is limited by random noise and/or random jitter and is a statistical value More detail: www. maxim-ic.com, app note: HFTA-010.0: Physical layer performance: testing bit error performance Examples: 10 Gb/sec transmission requirements specify a BER better than Eye pattern time jitter noise jitter Characterizing: Rise times Fall times Jitter at the middle of the crossing point of the eye overshoot And many other numerical descriptions in order to compare devices. Up to optical system simulation

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department CD chromatic dispersion PMD polarization mode dispersion Length 100km Attenuation 0.2 db/km Wavelength nom nm Bit rate 10 Gb/sec Standard fibre types: SMF 128 dispersion 1310 nm SMF 652 B dispersion 1310 nm G 655 reduced 1550 nm Scoop, visualizer simulation setup for fibre specification VIPsystems (virtual photonics industries)

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department Optical EAM => input for the fibre types to be simulated eye pattern and BER contour Highest BER Lowest BER

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department SMF 128 CD: s/m2 (real world 16 ps/nm.km) eye pattern and BER contour Highest BER Lowest BER 10 -5

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department Antares / Nemo fibre G655 with CD: s/m2 eye pattern and BER contour Highest BER Lowest BER

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department Antares fibre G 655 with PMD =< 0.08 ps/km-1/2 en CD: -3.1 ps/nmkm eye pattern and BER contour Highest BER Lowest BER

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department In relation with today's developments for fibre to the curb or fibre to the home FTTx All copper in detector strings (risers) Event time stamp locally at each detector floor Moderate high speed data communication Enlarged local electronics off shore Store and forward data communication Joined power and data transport All fibre in detector strings (risers) Event time stamp on shore Very high speed data communication minimized local electronics off shore Real time data communication (optical channels) Power and data transport separated Fibre network for data communication over a long distance based on optical channels includes “optical addressing” KM3NeT DAQ vertical cabling solutions

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department Prospects All copper in detector strings (risers) Event time stamp locally at each detector floor Moderate high speed data communication More local electronics off shore Store and forward data communication Power and data can be transport united All fibre in detector strings (risers) Event time stamp on shore Very high speed data communication Less local electronics off shore Real time data communication (optical channels) Power and data transport separated Costs relay on: primary hardware power needs reliability open system construction test benches deployment ease of mass production

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department OM0 OM1 OM2 Compass_MB ARS_MB OM0 ARS_MB OM1 ARS_MB OM2 ARS_MB LB)* DAQ/SC INSTR CLOCK MLCM_DWDM SWITCH BIDICON Preamp* RX_DSP* RX_CPU* MLCM specific At the sea bottom OM_0 OM_1 OM_2 Line equipment, infrastructure etc. DWDM shore stations CLOCK gen. GbE switches computer farm commercial Instrumentation LCM specific Acoustic Antares architecture Titanium cylinder

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department SMF 128 with virtual an ideal CD: s/m2

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department Alcatel NZDSF 40 Gb/sec PMD: 0.08 psec/km-1/2 CD: -3.1 ps/nmkm

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department 20 Gb/sec 0.08 psec/km-1/2 CD -3.1 ps/nmkm (Alcatel NZDSF G655)

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department 40 Gb/sec 0.08 psec/km-1/2 CD 0.1ps/nmkm

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department Ideal fibre: 20 Gb/sec with PMD: 0.08 psec/km-1/2 CD 0.1ps/nmkm

WP3 meeting Pylos of 21 Jelle Hogenbirk et al. electronic department Ideal fibre: 10 Gb/sec with PMD: 0.08 psec/km-1/2 CD: 0.1ps/nm.km