Chapter 9 – The Late Middle Ages Public Turmoil, Personal Piety Change against the backdrop of the “Black Death” Read quote at bottom of page 175 and top of page 176 in green ink Watch video “The Black Death” Watch videos “Late Middle Ages Lectures 1 thru 3”

See “The Avignon Papacy” pages 178 – 181: The French king arrests the pope in 1303 Popes rule from Avignon – Corruption & Cooperation “Pope, Come Back Home” Three popes – will the real pope stand up? Conciliarism The Spanish Inquisition Watch “The Pope’s Palace in Avignon” Watch “Back to Rome”

Watch “The Spanish Inquisition - Sort of” The other side of the Late Middle Ages: Watch “The Renaissance # 1 - 2” Watch “The Italian Renaissance” Read together “Popes with Double Lives” on page 184 The lower classes just hoped for fair treatment and something to eat, walked to Mass on Sundays, said prayers when bells rang, and enjoyed religious holidays

But the laity were separated from the Mass by a screen between the altar and the laity (“the distance problem”) preventing the people from even seeing the mass or host or wine, by the use of Latin which the common people did not understand, the lower classes could not drink the wine and more and more were denied the right to receive the sacred host, and gestures and prayers were added by various royal courts. Priests could say private masses for those who could afford the fee at side altars in cathedrals and churches

Watch “Traditional High Mass in Latin dated 1941” - and the medieval mass was even more remote!! Since the mass did not involve the laity to any degree, the people expressed their faith through piety and devotion to the saints: Piety is defined as “reverence for God or devout fulfillment of religious obligations” Saints (persons of great holiness, virtue, or benevolence) were prayed to in order to seek the saint’s intercession to plead the cause of the person praying directly to God

People collected the relics of saints: a “relic” is the body, a part of the body, or some personal memorial of a saint, martyr, or other sacred person, preserved as worthy of veneration. But some people, especially the rich and powerful, took the idea to the extreme and collected volumes of relics while forgetting that the purpose/intent of relics was to remind people of what the saints’ lives meant as expressions of love for God. The existence of Purgatory and the selling of Indulgences

The lives and deaths of John Wycliffe, John Hus, and a friar named Savonarola: Wycliffe was devoted to reforming the Church in England but his reforms went to extreme and denied central Church doctrines such as transubstantiation – page 189 Hus wanted the laity to receive both the sacred bread and wine. He was burned at the stake and became a martyr for Czech nationalism – pg 189 Savonarola argued against both Church & secular corruption in the Florence of the Medici; he went too far and the people turned against him – pages 189 to 180

The Ottoman Turks attack on Constantinople opened a door to reunite the Eastern and Roman churches under the rule of the Pope in Rome To get Western military support, the rules of the Eastern agreed to put their church under the authority of the Pope but the laity of the East did not agree The Western “crusade” failed to save Constantinople and the Turks took the city and renamed it “Istanbul” Ivan the Great saw himself as the successor to the Byzantine Emperor and declared Moscow as “the third Rome”

Review together the chapter’s Conclusion and Implications on pages 192 – 193 in class STOP