Genetics: The study of heredity
Heredity = the passing of traits from parents to offspring
Trait = A feature or characteristic of a person Physical appearance Behavior tendencies Predisposed to medical conditions A person’s traits are influenced by: their genetic inheritance environmental factors What is a trait? What is a trait?
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Physical appearance Genetics: Environment: eye color hair color smile shape hair texture face shape
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Physical appearance Genetics: genes determine natural hair color Environment: eye color hair color smile shape hair texture face shape
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Physical appearance Genetics: genes determine natural hair color Environment: sun or hair dyes change hair color eye color hair color smile shape hair texture face shape
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Behavior tendencies Genetics: Environment:
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Behavior tendencies Genetics: genes determine the tendency to use a certain hand Environment:
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Behavior tendencies Genetics: genes determine the tendency to use a certain hand Environment: can learn to use the opposite hand
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Predisposed to medical conditions Genetics: Environment:
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Predisposed to medical conditions Genetics: genes determine a risk of heart disease Environment:
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Predisposed to medical conditions Genetics: genes determine a risk of heart disease Environment: eating healthy foods and exercising can reduce risk
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Phenotype = a person’s version of a trait “physical appearance” eye color: blue hair color: black hair texture: straight
Practice List 3 traits Dash has. List Dash’s phenotype for each trait.
Trait = a feature or characteristic of a person Gene = part of a person’s DNA that influences a trait Eye color gene Hair color gene Face shape gene
Gene = part of a person’s DNA that controls a trait Alleles= different versions of a gene Eye color gene: brown allele Eye color gene: blue allele
Practice List 3 possible alleles for the hair color gene. Hair color gene
Alleles = different versions of a gene Dominant Allele Represented by a capital letter Example: B for brown eyes Recessive allele Represented by a lowercase letter Example: b for blue eyes
Alleles = different versions of a gene All people have 2 alleles for every gene (one from each parent) Allele of eye color gene from mom Allele of eye color gene from dad
Alleles = different versions of a gene All people have 2 alleles for every gene (one from each parent) Genotype = a person’s combination of alleles “genetic makeup” Allele of eye color gene from mom Allele of eye color gene from dad
Genotype = a person’s combination of alleles A person may inherit 2 of the same alleles = homozygous/purebred 2 dominant alleles = homozygous dominant Example: B and B Genotype = Phenotype = EE MomDad Child
Genotype = a person’s combination of alleles A person may inherit 2 of the same alleles = homozygous/purebred 2 dominant alleles = homozygous dominant Example: B and B Genotype = BB Phenotype = EE MomDad Child
Genotype = a person’s combination of alleles A person may inherit 2 of the same alleles = homozygous/purebred 2 dominant alleles = homozygous dominant Example: B and B Genotype = BB Phenotype = brown eyes EE MomDad Child
Genotype = a person’s combination of alleles A person may inherit 2 of the same alleles = homozygous/purebred 2 recessive alleles = ee MomDad Child
Genotype = a person’s combination of alleles A person may inherit 2 of the same alleles = homozygous/purebred 2 recessive alleles = homozygous recessive Example: b and b Genotype = Phenotype = ee MomDad Child
Genotype = a person’s combination of alleles A person may inherit 2 of the same alleles = homozygous/purebred 2 recessive alleles = homozygous recessive Example: b and b Genotype = bb Phenotype = ee MomDad Child
Genotype = a person’s combination of alleles A person may inherit 2 of the same alleles = homozygous/purebred 2 recessive alleles = homozygous recessive Example: b and b Genotype = bb Phenotype = blue eyes ee MomDad Child
Alleles = different versions of a gene A person may inherit 2 different alleles = heterozygous/hybrid Dominant allele masks recessive allele Example: B and b Genotype = Phenotype = Ee MomDad Child eE MomDad Child -or-
Alleles = different versions of a gene A person may inherit 2 different alleles = heterozygous/hybrid Dominant allele masks recessive allele Example: B and b Genotype = Bb Phenotype = Ee MomDad Child eE MomDad Child -or-
Alleles = different versions of a gene A person may inherit 2 different alleles = heterozygous/hybrid Dominant allele masks recessive allele Example: B and b Genotype = Bb Phenotype = brown eyes Ee MomDad Child eE MomDad Child -or-
Practice Brown hair (B) is dominant to blond hair (b). GenotypePhenotype homozygous dominant homozygous recessive heterozygous
Practice Brown hair (B) is dominant to blond hair (b). GenotypePhenotype homozygous dominant BB Brown hair homozygous recessive heterozygous
Practice Brown hair (B) is dominant to blond hair (b). GenotypePhenotype homozygous dominant BB Brown hair homozygous recessive bb Blond hair heterozygous
Practice Brown hair (B) is dominant to blond hair (b). GenotypePhenotype homozygous dominant BB Brown hair homozygous recessive bb Blond hair heterozygousBb Brown hair Which genotypes are purebred? Which is hybrid?
Practice Right-handedness (R) is dominant to left-handedness (r). What genotype(s) could a right-handed person have? What genotype(s) could a left-handed person have? RR or Rr rr
Practice In pea plants, green peas (G) are dominant to yellow peas (g). What would be the genotype of a: -purebred green pea? -hybrid green pea? -yellow pea? GG Gg gg