Wireless Solutions for Rural Connectivity Tunisie Télécom ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on Wireless Network Evolution Muscut Oman 3-5 May 2004 Wireless Solutions for Rural Connectivity SLAHEDDINE MAAREF TUNISIE TELECOM

Presentation outlines 1-Market envirenment 2-Old Analog technologies used for rural wireless connectivity 3-Digital technologies used for rural wireless connectivity 4-conclusion

1-Market envirenment Telecommunications is a key enabler of economic and social development of a nation Universal service is a particularly urgent issue for rural and remote communities Today Internet access becomes as essential as telephony New multimedia services and technological convergence are shifting the regulatory focus to UNIVERSAL ACCESS

1-Market envirenment (Cd) Regulators are focusing on universal access Specific conditions are elaborated for rural areas coverage on fixed network licences Operatores are looking for economic and effecient solutions to provide universal service for rural and remote communities -

2 - ANALOG WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR RURAL CONNECTIVITY-

2. 1 Mono-channel & Bi-channel system 2.1 Mono-channel & Bi-channel system Principe : use a radio link to connect remote subscriber moddule to the subscriber equipement into the swich Frequency : UHF / VHF Range : UP to 40 km -

2. 1 Mono-channel & Bi-channel system (Cd). Applications : 2.1 Mono-channel & Bi-channel system (Cd) Applications : - isolated subscribers - rural public phone - farm - police - custom control point Service : basic telophony -

Station d'abonné (une ou 2 lignes) 2.1 Mono-channel & Bi-channel system (Cd) UHF/VHF Interface analogique (2 fils) Station d'abonné (une ou 2 lignes) Central téléphonique

2-2 : Fixed Analog Cellular System Priciple : use the analog cellular network to provide fixed telephony service Applcations : connect isolated subscribers located on the coverage area of the analog cellular Network Frequency : 450 MHZ , 900 MHZ Range : UP to 30km

2-2 : Fixed Analog Cellular System (Cd) Service fixe Station de base Commutateur du réseau mobile Terminal d’abonné radio RTC Service mobile

Common Standards used for Analog Cellular System 2-2 : Fixed Analog Cellular System (Cd) Common Standards used for Analog Cellular System (*) AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) NMT (Nordic Mobile Télécommunications) Origine Américain standard (1982) Scandinavian Standard (1981) Fréquency 900 Mhz 450 Mhz et 900 Mhz Range 35 Km 40 Km (450 Mhz) 27 Km (900 Mhz)

Others Standards used for Analog Cellular System 2-2 : Fixed Analog Cellular System (Cd) Others Standards used for Analog Cellular System N-AMPS (Narrow Advanced Mobile Phone) TACS (Total Access cellular System) E-TACS (Extended Total Access Cellular J-TACS (Japan Total Access Systeù

3 - DIGITAL WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR RURAL CONNECTIVITY

3-1 : Point to Multipoint Radio System Principe : Radio acces Network point to multipoint using wired and/or wireless termination Frquency : 1.4 Ghz - 2.7 Ghz TDM technologies Range : 10 to 200 km

3-1 : Point to Multipoint Radio System (Cd) Station d'abonné Téléphone Interface Analogique/numérique FH (1,5 –> 2,7 GHz) Données bas débits Station centrale Station d'abonné Téléphone Données bas débits RTPC Station Relais Station d'abonné Téléphone Données bas débits Système de gestion de réseau

3-1 : Point to Multipoint Radio System (Cd) Applications : Connectivity of small villages Services : Telephony Data (narrow band) Management of Priority for some subscribers Emmergency call Capacity - Base station : 500 subscribers - Terminal station : micro station : 2-4 sub large station : 128 sub

3-2 -Wireless local loop : WLL Principle : using digital radio-acces to provide fixed telophony service Applications : connectivity of rural and suburban areas Services : Telephony : All PSTN services Data : 64 kb/s and more

3-2 -Wireless local loop : WLL (Cd) Interface radio Téléphonie Station centrale Système de gestion Réseau de transport FH, FO ou cuivre (xDSL) Terminal d’abonné radio BSC BS V5.2 ou Analogique Contrôleur de station de base + Station de base données PSTN Zone Suburbaine/Rurale

3-2 -Wireless local loop : WLL (Cd) Common Standards used for WLL DECT (Digital Européean Cordless Telecommunications) CDMA (Code division Multiple accès) Origine Européen Standard (ETSI) Américain Standard Fréquency 1880-1900 Mhz 450Mhz, 800 Mhz, 1.7-1.8 Mhz, 1.8-1.9 Mhz, 2.2-2.3,Mhz, 2.3-2.5 Mhz, 3.4-3.6 Mhz, 3.5-3.7 Mhz Transmission AMRT/ DRT (Duplex à répartition temporelle) CDMA Range Up to 10 Km Up to 25 Km

3-2 -Wireless local loop : WLL (Cd) Common Standards used for WLL (Cd) DECT (Digital Européean Cordless Telecommunications) CDMA (Code division Multiple accès) Capacity of BS (0.5 Er/Sub, GoS = 1%) 100 abonnés 1 RF (omni) : 800 lignes 12 RF (2 RF*6 secteurs) : 7000 lignes Data LL 64 Kb/s LL (128 Kb/s) ISDN 2 B+D Accès asymétriques (512 Kb/s down link) Accès Ethernet

3-3 : Fixed and /or Restricted GSM - Principle : Using GSM Networks to provide fixed telephony ( or restricted mobility ) Applications : Connectivity of rural areas Services : telephony : all GSM services Data : - circuit : 9.6 kbps : - GPRS : 30-52 kbps

3-3 : Fixed and/or Restricted GSM (Cd) Frequency : 900 Mhz , 1800 Mhz , 1900 Mhz Range : up to 35 km

3-3 : Fixed GSM (Cd) Fixed GSM Terminal BTS BSC MSC

3-3 : Restricted GSM (Cd) BTS BSC 1 MSC Allowed mobility for that Subscriber All other cells are barred for that Subscriber

Limited mobility option and rich set of value-added services when using mobile handsets Smooth migration to GPRS/EDGE enabling higher data rates and new services GSM accommodates voice communications very efficiently. Nevertheless, be aware that IS95 (or CDMA One) is known to use spectrum highly efficiently, the same or even better than GSM does.

Advantages of GSM for limited mobility solutions 3-3 : Fixed and/or Restricted GSM (Cd) Advantages of GSM for limited mobility solutions Proven, very mature technology Large range - up to 35 km in an open rural environment High spectrum efficiency for voice services Excellent & stable coverage/capacity ratio GSM accommodates voice communications very efficiently. Nevertheless, be aware that IS95 (or CDMA One) is known to use spectrum highly efficiently, the same or even better than GSM does.

Smooth migration to GPRS/EDGE enabling higher data rates and new services Limited mobility option and rich set of value-added services when using mobile handsets

For rural and suburban areas, wireless solutions are less costly than wired when subscribers are spread Quick deployment and easy installation The fixed GSM solution is capable of evolving to a full mobile solution Pre-paid (public phones & mobile pre-paid) for all users through the same IN platform

3-4 Rural connectivity using V.SAT System Principle : provide fixed telophony & Data services using satellite links Applications : connectivity of wide rural areas with very low density Services : Telephony : All PSTN services Data : Circuit switching n*64 kb/s : Packed switching : Ethernet

3-4 Rural connectivity using V.SAT System Publiphone H U G E S N T W O R K Y M A L C I P Quantum-Direct HUB H U G E S N T W O R K Y M A L C I P Quantum-Direct RTC Station multilignes H U G E S N T W O R K Y M A L C I P Quantum-Direct Station Terrienne IP Station monoligne Stations terminales VSAT

CONCLUSION WLL (DECT) Accès GSM VSAT Population Density Medium Low High (small area) Applications & services Téléphony Fax Data SMS (GPRS) Multimédia Speeds Up to 70 kbits 9,6 Kbits Up to 45 Mbits Mobility No (limited) Yès (Restricted/limited) No Coverage Range < 5 km <30 km Local GoS (Compared to wired line) Equivalent Less

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