International Workshop on Research Policy – Incentives and Institutions – Ministry of Finance and Economics – Rome, Italy November 28th, 2002 "Research Policy in Germany. The German Approach to Search for Quality and Better Results in Research" by Dr. Bernd Ebersold, Director, Department for Research Policy and Foreign Relations, Max Planck Society

R&D expenditure of the Federal Republic of Germany by financing sector (2001) Total R&D expenditure: € 52,1 billion 1

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development - financing and performing sectors € billion, Business enterprise sectorGovernment PNP-Sector Abroad GERD: Business Enterprise Sector 6.8 Government and PNP Sector 8.1 Universities and Universities of Applied Sciences 2

Structure of German research funding (simplified system) Federal GovernmentFederal states (Länder) Business enterprise sector DFG HGF MPG FhG WGL Higher education sector (universities) Intramural research laboratories AiF institutes Industry-related R&D institutions Federal R&D institutions Länder R&D institutions Academies 3

Structure of Matter Energy Health Transport and Space Earth and Environment Key Technologies HGF-Research Fields 4

Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science President: Prof. Peter Gruss Secretary General: Dr. Barbara Bludau  80 Institutes  11,600 employees plus 8,500 junior scientists  Annual budget: € 1.25 billion 5

Locations I 6

Student Assistants, Ph.D.Students, Post-docs, Research Scholars and Guest Scientists (2001) by Native Country 7

Expenditure 2002 acc. to Sections Total € 1,252.6 mio 8

MPI for BIOCHEMISTRY, Martinsried MPI for BIOLOGY, Tübingen MPI for BIOPHYSICS, Frankfurt/Main MPI for VASCULAR BIOLOGY, Münster MPI for BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Göttingen MPI for EXPERIMENTAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Hannover/Hanover MPI for DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, Tübingen Research Center „Enzymology of Protein Folding“, Halle/Saale MPI for MOLECULAR GENETICS, Berlin MPI for BRAIN RESEARCH, Frankfurt/Main MPI for IMMUNOBIOLOGY, Freiburg MPI for INFECTION BIOLOGY, Berlin MPI for BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS, Tübingen MPI for LIMNOLOGY, Plön MPI for EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, Göttingen MPI for MEDICAL RESEARCH, Heidelberg MPI for MARINE MICROBIOLOGY, Bremen MPI for TERRESTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY, Marburg Research Units for Structural Molecular Biology at DESY, Hamburg MPI for NEUROBIOLOGY, Martinsried MPI for NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH, Köln/Cologne MPI for CHEMICAL ECOLOGY, Jena Research Center for Ornithologie, Andechs und Radolfzell MPI for MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Golm MPI for MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, Dortmund MPI for PHYSIOL. AND CLINICAL RESEARCH, Bad Nauheim MPI for PSYCHIATRIE, München/Munich MPI für PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, Nijmegen, NL MPI for CELL BIOLOGY, Ladenburg b. Heidelberg MPI for MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS, Dresden MPI for PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH, Köln/Cologne BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE SECTION Internet: 9

MPI for EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY, Leipzig MPI Bibliotheca Hertziana – Rome, Italy MPI for HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, Berlin MPI for DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH, Rostock MPI for SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Halle/Saale MPI For HISTORY, Göttingen MPI for the STUDY of SOCIETIES, Köln/Cologne MPI for INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, COMPETITION AND TAX LAW, München/Munich MPI for COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, Leipzig MPI for FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW, Hamburg MPI for PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, München/Munich MPI for EUROPEAN LEGAL HISTORY, Frankfurt/Main MPI for FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL LAW, München/Munich MPI for FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW, Freiburg MPI for COMPARATIVE PUBLIC LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW, Heidelberg MPI for RESEARCH INTO ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, Jena MPI for the HISTORY OF SCIENCE, Berlin HUMANITIES SECTION Internet: 10

MPI for AERONOMY, Katlenburg-Lindau MPI for ASTRONOMY, Heidelberg MPI for ASTROPHYSICS, Garching MPI for BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, Jena MPI for CHEMISTRY (Otto-Hahn-Institut), Mainz MPI for DYNAMICS OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS, Magdeburg MPI for IRON RESEARCH, Düsseldorf MPI For SOLID STATE RESEARCH, Stuttgart Fritz Haber Institute, Berlin MPI for GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS, Golm b. Potsdam MPI for COMPUTER SCIENCE, Saarbrücken MPI for NUCLEAR PHYSICS, Heidelberg MPI for COAL RESEARCH, Mülheim/Ruhr MPI for COLLOID AND INTERFACE RESEARCH, Golm/Potsdam MPI for MATHEMATICS, Bonn MPI for MATHEMATICS IN THE SCIENCES, Leipzig MPI for METALS RESEARCH, Stuttgart MPI for METEOROLOGY, Hamburg MPI for MICROSTRUCTURE PHYSICS, Halle/Saale MPI for PHYSICS, München/Munich MPI for the PHYSICS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS, Dresden MPI for CHEMICAL PHYSICS OF SOLIDS, Dresden MPI for EXTRATERRESTRIAL PHYSICS, Garching MPI for PLASMA PHYSICS, Garching MPI for POLYMER RESEARCH, Mainz MPI for QUANTUM OPTICS, Garching MPI for RADIO ASTRONOMY, Bonn MPI for RADIATION CHEMISTRY, Mülheim/Ruhr MPI for FLOW RESEARCH, Göttingen CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS and TECHNOLOGY SECTION Internet: 11

Essential Cornerstones  sound financial support  independence/autonomy  quality control/evaluation system  international cooperation  support of young researchers The Max Planck Society Research at the Frontier of Knowledge Max Planck Society Mission 12

BMBF: Higher Investment into R&D and Education – combined with structural reforms u more competition-oriented funding u new ways of steering and managing universities and research centers u new career paths for young researchers u performance-oriented pay for professors u science and industry – closer links u new attitudes vis-à-vis and support of entrepreneurship u public understanding of science – Wissenschaft im Dialog u Integration into European Research Area and internationalization 13

 Genome research, biotechnology und health research  Environmental and climate research  Production research and materials research  Nanotechnology and optical technologies  Information and communication technologies  Energy research  Mobility and transport research  Space research and technology Priorities in research funding BMBF: 14

Components of Successful Research 15

Max Planck Institutes are responsible for  determining their research areas  choosing their research structure (i.e., departments/projects)  independently recruiting their own personnel  managing the institute‘s budget  acquiring third-party funds  selecting their national and international cooperation partners, as well as the form of collaboration Autonomy at Max Planck Institutes 16

Performed every 2 yrs. by the scientific advisory boards of the institutes Extended evaluation every 6 yrs. Ex Post Evaluation Establishing institutes Appointments Program concepts Concepts for individual scientific proposals Ex Ante Evaluation Evaluations commissioned by donors and granting agencies Structure oriented presidential committee Internal analysis of the activities and the performance System Evaluation Peer Review Types of Evaluation 17

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