Dr. Christian Bode Bonn, 7 July 2006 International mobility and cooperation: The impact of Bologna

07/ I.The Bologna Process: Mobility and Quality II.International Mobility in Germany and Europe III.International Mobility: New EU Programmes IV.The impact of Bologna: Trends, Challenges CONTENT

07/ I. The Bologna Process: Mobility and Quality Bologna 1988 Continuing the European humanist tradition Respect the great harmonies of life Inseparability of research and training Intellectual and moral independence Open to dialogue Universal knowledge

07/ I. The Bologna Process: Mobility and Quality Bologna 1999 Constructing a European Area of H. E. International competitiveness of European H. E. system Compatibility of systems of H. E. in Europe Easily comparable degrees Establishment of a system of credits Co-operation in quality assurance Bologna-Conference Bergen/Norway 2005

07/ I. The Bologna Process: Mobility and Quality EU Policy and the Bologna Process Bologna Bologna Declaration 1999 Mobility and Quality  European Research Area European Higher Education Area European Union Lisbon Declaration 2000 "Europe as the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world"

07/ I.The Bologna Process: Mobility and Quality Which Europe? "Europe" has many definitions. The Europe of ERASMUS includes 31 countries. The Europe of the Bologna Process (the so-called European Higher Education Area) includes 45 signatory countries. The Europe of the Bologna Process Andere ERASMUS Länder: Bulgarien, Island, Liechtenstein, Norwegen, Rumänien und Türkei EU-ERASMUS Länder The EU and ERASMUS Europe

07/ I. The Bologna Process: Mobility and Quality The Political Goals of Bologna Political framework for more mobility removing obstacles to mobility (recognition of degrees and study periods with ECTS and Diploma Supplement, visa and work permits) facilitating portability of grants and loans (e.g. BAFÖG) encouraging participation in mobility programmes Funding of mobility provided by national or EU mobility programmes. Bologna-Conference in Berlin 2003

07/ I. The Bologna Process: Mobility and Quality Mobility: What? Study-related stays abroad of minimum 3 months 1.Study abroad 2.Internships 3.Intensive language courses

07/ I. The Bologna Process: Mobility and Quality Mobility: Why? 1.Political/economic reasons 2.Institutional reasons 3.Individual reasons The ERASMUS Students‘ Experience findings of Kassel (2005): More than 90% of all students satisfied with study abroad

07/ I. The Bologna Process: Mobility and Quality Mobility: When? GermanyAbroad Co-tutelle Integrated research abroad Graduate year abroad months months free study internal Bachelor months abroad Master Bachelor Master PHD Master Bachelor Master PHD 3 2 1

07/ II.International Mobility in Germany and Europe German Students abroad: How many? % of all Students after 3 years Studies:13,5% Internship: 13,9% Language Courses: 7,5% Aim: 50%

07/ II.International Mobility in Germany and Europe International Students in Germany: How many? International Students ( ) German Students ( ) In addition there are Students with foreign passports but who are permanent residents in Germany and have graduated at a High School in Germany (so called "Bildungsinländer"). % Aim: 10% international students in Germany

07/ Source: Federal Statistics Office II.International Mobility in Germany and Europe Destination Germany: Home Countries International Students in Germany

07/ II.International Mobility in Germany and Europe International Student-flow 2,2 Mio. internationale Studierende S/Amerika ,4% Asien ,2% Australien Ozeanien ,6% N/Amerika ,7% Europa % S/Amerika ,9% Asien ,3% Australien Ozeanien ,5% N/Amerika ,1% Europa % Afrika ,3% Afrika % Source: IIE Open Doors 2003

07/ II.International Mobility in Germany and Europe Incoming Students to EURODATA Europe: Where they come from Source: Eurodata 2006

07/ II.International Mobility in Germany and Europe Eurodata Students: Where they go Most European Students who study abroad don't leave Europe. A substantial group goes to the US whereas other non- European countries don‘t play a significant role. "Emerging" host countries are Australia and China. Source: Eurodata

07/ III.International Mobility: New EU Programmes How to increase mobility? 1.Information 2.Right of residence 3.Recognition / Transfer 4.Portability of grants 5.Funding

07/ III.International Mobility: New EU Programmes Right of Residence EU Law EU Citizens Guiding principle of common freedom of movement (laid down in EU Treaty of 2002) Free movement of workers, freedom of establishment and services EU Citizens Act governing general freedom of movement for EU Citizens (2005) Non-EU Citizens Schengen Visa (2004) So called „Student Guideline“ of 2004 (min. 10 hours per week of students) Non-EU Citizens Act governing the residence, gainful employment and integration of foreigners (2004) eg. 90 full or 180 half days for students German Law

07/ III.International Mobility: New EU Programmes Recognition of Degrees

07/ III.International Mobility: New EU Programmes Portability of Grants and loans Results of an inventory by the Center for Higher Education Policy Studies (CHEPS) in August 2004 in 20 EU Member states plus Norway Portability of grants for part of study programme: 18 countries Portability of grants for complete study programme: 14 countries Portability of loans: 12 countries Prerequisites for the portability of BAföG in Germany: -a study period of one year in Germany before continuing in one of the EU- member-states OR -studies abroad are part of a study-programme by a German and a foreign university with mutual recognition OR -studies abroad fit sensibly into educational background, will be beneficial and can at least be partly recognised within Germany.

07/ II. International Mobility in Germany and Europe A new record: Mobile ERASMUS Students in 2004/2005 Andere ERASMUS Länder: Bulgarien, Island, Liechtenstein, Norwegen, Rumänien und Türkei EU-ERASMUS Länder

07/ II. International Mobility in Germany and Europe ERASMUS Mobility: Top Subjects Duration of Stay: approx. 7 month Grant: approx. 110 Euro per month

07/ Higher Education and professional education 3,1 Billion min. 40 % ERASMUS Vocational Training min. 25% LEONARDO DA VINCI Adult Education Budget: 6,97 Billion EUR Erasmus MUNDUS Lifelong Learning Programme min. 4% ab 2009 III.International Mobility: New EU Programmes New EU Lifelong Learning Programme ( ) Jean Monnet (Higher Education: European Studies Chairs World-Wide) GRUNDTVIG School Education min. 13 % COMENIUS

07/ III.International Mobility: New EU Programmes The New ERASMUS Programme (2007 – 2013) – Budget Total ERASMUS budget (all actions) : ∎ 3,1 Billion EUR for 7 years ∎ Average ERASMUS budget p.a.: 443 Mio EUR (increase of 75% compared to 2006: 253 Mio EUR) ∎ 95% of the ERASMUS budget (424 Mio EUR) will be decentralised and administered by National Agencies (such as DAAD) ∎ Average decentralised ERASMUS budget for Germany: 50 Mio EUR p.a. for all decentralised actions; 2006: 35 Mio. EUR

07/ III.International Mobility: New EU Programmes Number of Mobile ERASMUS-Students Aim: 3 mio ERASMUS-Students by 2012 accumulated  from 2005 onwards ERASMUS Students  until 2013onwards ERASMUS Students approx. 8% increase p. a. For Germany 2013: ~ outgoing ~ incoming

07/ III.International Mobility: New EU-Programmes EU-Programmes for Higher Education worldwide Latin America ALFA: € 10,4 Mio. ALßAN: € 11,06 Mio. Africa-Caribbean-Pacific Region EDULINK: planned € 5 Mio. Mediterranean TEMPUS-MEDA: € 34,72 Mio. Europe ERASMUS: € 252,7 Mio. LEONARDO: € 31,3 Mio. TEMPUS C: € 38,42 Mio. TEMPUS T: € 50,09 Mio. ERASMUS Mundus: € 68 Mio. Asia Asia Link: € 17 Mio. Asia Pro-Eco: € 5 Mio. Asia Pro-Eco Post Tsunami: € 15 Mio. Vulcanus (Japan): €1,05 Mio. North America EU-USA (ATLANTIS): € 4 Mio. EU-Canada: € 0,73 Mio. Budget p. a. for Higher Education: € 544,5 Mio.

07/ V.The impact of Bologna Trends and Challenges 1.More institutional responsibility for mobility programmes 2.More „sophistication“ in mobility programmes - Mobility in University Networks - Double Degrees

07/ V.The Impact of Bologna: Trends and Challenges 3.More internationality of teaching staff (teacher exchange, language courses for German teachers) 4.More internationality of administrative staff (training for International Officers, new mobility action for non-teaching staff in ERASMUS) 5.More internationality in student services (information, language preparation, accommodation, monitoring, academic recognition etc.)

07/ V.The Impact of Bologna: Trends and Challenges 6.Tution fees: obstacle to mobility 7.Internal organization („AAA“), Staffing and funding

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