Engineering Management Systems Engineering Management MSE607B Chapter 6 Part I of II System Engineering Program Planning

2 Learning Objectives Introduce system engineering program planning First step in system management Material presented in this module leads into the discussion of: The organization for system engineering in module 7 System engineering program evaluation in module 8

3 System Engineering Process An iterative problem solving process based on the fundamental cycle of analyse-synthesise-evaluate Provides a comprehensive process for transforming a simple statement of user need into a complex fielded system Provides the information by which the process can be managed and improved

4 Management of System Engineering System engineering is applicable in all phases of life cycle Greatest benefits are derived from emphasis in early stages

5 Management of System Engineering Objective is to influence the design in the early phases of acquisition, effectively and efficiently Leads to the identification of the individual design disciplinary needs proceeding from system level to subsystem levels Goal is to ensure that requirements are properly balanced and integrated Applicable engineering disciplines responsible for the design of the individual system elements to be properly integrated System engineering first establishes the requirements then ensure proper integration throughout the life cycle System engineering is applicable in all phases of life cycle Greatest benefits are derived from emphasis in early stages

6 Integration of Disciplines

7 Management and Technology Applied to the System Engineering Process

8 System Engineering Program Requirements First step in the planning process Involves definition of program, or project, requirements Every program is different It is essential that system engineering requirements be tailored accordingly Concepts and methods described throughout this module are applicable to all programs Only the nature and depth of application may vary

9 System Engineering Planning

10 The Need for Early System Planning System engineering is continuous Commencing with the definition of a need and extending Through the development of the System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) As system-level requirements are defined, the planning process leads to the identification of activities to be accomplished to fulfill those requirements Design and management decisions at this stage in the system life cycle have great impact on program activities later on Need a complete and well-integrated planning effort Implemented from the beginning

11 Determination of Program Requirements Program Requirements Refer to the management approach and steps to be followed in the procurement and/or acquisition of the system in response to a stated need Identification of the resources required Program structure should be established that will enable cost effective: Design and development Production and/or construction Delivery of the system to the consumer

12 Determination of Program Requirements (cont.) Includes identification of : Program functions and detailed tasks Development of an organizational structure Development of a work breakdown structure (WBS) Preparation of program schedules and cost projections Implementation of program evaluation and control capability Program plan provides the necessary day-to-day management guidance

13 System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) Developed based on the Program Management Plan (PMP) Covers all management functions associated with system engineering activities Constitutes chief engineer’s plan for identifying and integrating all engineering activities. Preparation is the responsibility of the “system manager” May be accomplished by the customer or by a major contractor

14 System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) (cont.) Must be developed directly from the top-level Program Management Plan (PMP). Responsibility must be clearly defined and supported by the program manager. Must be the key top-level design engineering plan Content tailored to the system requirements, program size and complexity, and nature of the procurement and acquisition process

15 Statement of Work (SOW) A narrative description of the work required for a given project General guidelines: Short and to the point Written in a clear and precise manner Avoid ambiguity and the possibility of misinterpretation Describe requirements in sufficient detail Consider practical application and possible legal interpretations Avoid unnecessary repetition and incorporation of extraneous material and requirements Can result in unnecessary costs Do not repeat detailed specifications and requirements already covered in referenced documentation

16 Definition of System Engineering Functions Cover a broad spectrum of activity Fulfillment of objectives require involvement in almost every facet of program activity Overall basic goals for system engineering: Requirements developed through iterative requirements analysis System design alternatives properly evaluated against meaningful, quantifiable criteria

17 Definition of System Engineering Functions (cont.) Overall basic goals for system engineering: All applicable design disciplines and specialty areas appropriately integrated into the total engineering effort Overall system development effort progresses in a logical manner Established configuration baselines, formal design review, proper documentation supporting design decisions, and necessary provisions for corrective action Various system elements/components are compatible with each other Combined to provide an entity that will perform its required functions

18 System Engineering Tasks

19 Definition of System Engineering Tasks Critical tasks Perform a needs analysis and conduct feasibility studies Define system operational requirements, maintenance concept, and TPMs Prepare the system Type “A” specification Prepare Test and Evaluation Master Plan Prepare the System Engineering Management Plan Accomplish functional analysis and allocation of requirements

20 Definition of System Engineering Tasks (cont.) Critical tasks Accomplish system synthesis, analysis, and design integration functions on a continuing basis throughout the overall design and development process Plan, coordinate, and conduct formal design reviews meetings Monitor and review system test and evaluation activities Plan, coordinate, implement, and control design changes Initiate and maintain production and supplier liaison, and customer service activities

21 System Engineering Organization and Interfaces

22 System Engineering Interfaces Interface A statement of the functional requirements and constraints that exist at a common boundary between Two functions (functional interface) Two configuration items (physical interface) Interface definition and management is essential Breaking down the system into subsystems, modules and components to reduce complexity may result in interface complexity There must be a balance between the complexity of any element and the complexity of any associated interface

23 System Engineering Organization Must lead and ensure tasks are completed in an effective, efficient, and timely manner using system-level technical expertise and leadership Must work with, influence, and inspire many other groups within the project Must have the respect and cooperation of the other required functions

24 System Engineering Organization (cont.) May be contained within the customer’s organization, with various responding subgroups within the contractor’s organization In a contractor’s organization basic structure may constitute: A functional approach A project/product line approach A matrix approach, or Various combinations thereof. Advantages and disadvantages associated with each of these approaches Essential to recognize if the organization is to work effectively Need to consider external interactions involving subcontractors and suppliers,

25 Partial Work Breakdown Structure Development

26 Development of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Large projects organized and comprehended by breaking them into smaller pieces A collection of defined "work packages" that may include a number of tasks A $1,000,000,000 project is simply a lot of $50,000 projects joined together Used to provide the framework for organizing and managing the work

27 Development of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) (cont.) Our brains can normally comprehend around 7-9 items simultaneously WBS helps break thousands of tasks into chunks that Preparing and understanding a WBS is a big step towards managing and mastering its complexity Used at project start for: Defining scope Organizing schedules Estimating costs Lives throughout the project in project schedule and used for reporting costs May be used to identify/track work packages, organize data for reporting, etc.

Sample WBS 3A1100Project Management 3A1200System Engineering 3A1300Configuration Management 3A1400Contract Management 3A1500Data Management 3A1600Integrated Logistics Support 3A1700Supplier Management 2A1000 System/Program Management 2B1000 Research and Development 3B1100Basic Research 3B1200Applied Research 3B1300Technology Development 3C1100Airframe 3C1200Propulsion 3C1300Communications 3C1400Navigation/Guidance 3C1500Fire Control 3C1600Countermeasures 3C1700Reconnaissance Equipment 3C1800Flight Controls 3C1900Auxiliary Electronics 3C2000Armament/Weapons Equipment 3C2100Hydraulic Equipment 3D1100Peculiar Support Equipment - Organizational Level 3D1200Peculiar Support Equipment - Intermediate Level 3D1300Peculiar Support Equipment - Depot Level 3D1400Common Support Equipment - Organizational Level 3D1500Common Support Equipment - Intermediate Level 3D1600Common Support Equipment - Depot Level 2C1000 Prime Mission Equipment 2D1000 Support Equipment System XYZ Level 3Level 2Level 1

Specification/Documentation Tree

30 Specification/Documentation Tree (cont.)

31 Specification/Documentation Tree (cont.)

32 Specification/Documentation Tree (cont.) Provides a hierarchical description of the various specifications for a systems development as part of a systems engineering process Developed from the top down, commencing with the preparation of the system specification Subsequently, additional specifications are applied Top down development of design requirements is critical Meet the system engineering objectives

33 Specification/Documentation Tree (cont.) Extreme care must be exercised in the initial identification and application of specifications and standards Costly results if proper level of attention is not directed from the beginning Critical task is tailoring specifications to particular system application

34 Technical Performance Measurement (TPM) Key indicator of progress, parameter or a metric that can be used to monitor the progress or performance of selected requirements Monitored to ensure that it remains within tolerances as an indication of the progress of the design One of the most commonly used systems engineering tools. Identified at a very early stage in the systems engineering process During Conceptual Design Progress is continually monitored throughout the Acquisition Phase as a major risk-mitigation measure

35 Development of Program Schedules Individual program tasks are presented in terms of a time line A beginning time and an ending time Developed to reflect work requirements throughout all phases of a program Commences with identification of major program milestones at the top level Proceeds downward through lower levels of detail

36 Development of Program Schedules (cont.) A system engineering master schedule (SEMS) is prepared: Laying out major program activities on basis of elapsed time Serves as a reference for a family of subordinate schedules Progress against a given schedule is measured at the bottom level Task status information is related to appropriate cost account Techniques: Bar chart Milestone chart Combined milestone/bar chart

37 Program Schedule – Sample Bar Chart

38 Program Schedule – Sample Milestone Chart

39 Summary Topics System engineering program requirements System engineering management plan (SEMP) Determination of “outsourcing” requirements Integration of design specialty plans Interfaces with other program activities Management methods/tools Risk management plan Global applications/relationships

40 Homework Assignment Chapter 6 Part I – Textbook page 334 Answer questions 1, 3, 9. Continue to read Chapter 6 - Engineering Program Planning Pages

41 Questions? Comments?