Structural Geology Deformation of rocks produces: folds, joints, faults Deformation of rocks produces: folds, joints, faults.

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Presentation transcript:

Structural Geology Deformation of rocks produces: folds, joints, faults Deformation of rocks produces: folds, joints, faults

Monocline - southeastern Utah

Northeastern California - note tilted layers

Wasatch Front NE of Salt Lake City, UT

Types of Stresses Compressive → ☐ ← rocks are squeezed Tensile ← ☐ → rocks are pulled apart Shear ↑ ☐ ↓ rocks are sheared Compressive → ☐ ← rocks are squeezed Tensile ← ☐ → rocks are pulled apart Shear ↑ ☐ ↓ rocks are sheared

Responses to Stress Folding - produced by compressive stress on ductile rocks Joints, Faults - produced by any type of stress on brittle rocks Folding - produced by compressive stress on ductile rocks Joints, Faults - produced by any type of stress on brittle rocks

Folding Anticlines - where layers are warped upward Synclines - where layers are warped downward Compression of ductile rocks produces alternating anticlines and synclines Anticlines - where layers are warped upward Synclines - where layers are warped downward Compression of ductile rocks produces alternating anticlines and synclines

Strongly Folded Rock Note quartzite layer folded back on itself - Baraboo, WI

Joints Fractures in rock along which no movement has occurred - can form in response to any type of stress Often promote mechanical weathering since they provide access for water Fractures in rock along which no movement has occurred - can form in response to any type of stress Often promote mechanical weathering since they provide access for water Yellowstone Natl Park, WY Devil’s Postpile Natl Mon, CA

Faults Fractures in rock along which movement has occurred Different styles reflect different stresses Fractures in rock along which movement has occurred Different styles reflect different stresses Canyonlands Natl Park, UT Merrimac Valley, NH

Dip-slip Faults Best seen in cross- section view (vertical offsets) Normal Faults - upper block slides down (tensional stress) Reverse Faults - upper block is pushed up (compressional stress) Best seen in cross- section view (vertical offsets) Normal Faults - upper block slides down (tensional stress) Reverse Faults - upper block is pushed up (compressional stress)

Faulting in Esker - near White River Jct., VT (??)

Strike-slip Faults Result from shear stresses - best seen in map view (horizontal offsets) Right-lateral vs. left-lateral Result from shear stresses - best seen in map view (horizontal offsets) Right-lateral vs. left-lateral

Bedrock Geology of Connecticut

Bedrock Geologic Map of Massachusetts Features to Note: 1.N-S “striping”: compression from E-W 2.NE-SW “striping” in E 3.Cape consists of recent glacial sediment