Hitachi Data Systems Network Storage Systems John Harker Sr. Product Marketing Manager Hitachi Data Systems September 21, 2004

Storage Systems and the SAN Food Chain Computers connect to storage systems via Fibre Channel, iSCSI, FICON, ESCON links Direct attach or through SAN Storage system firmware takes physical drives and presents RAID-grouped logical devices out of which storage is allocated Example Switch Vendors: Brocade, McDATA, CNT, Cisco Example Array Vendors: HDS, EMC, IBM, HP, Sun, generic JBOD Storage Area Network Application Server Switch Storage System Application Database File System / Volume HBA Switch Port Switch Switch Port Storage Port LDEV RAID Group CHIP, CA, CSW, DKA

Enterprise Storage Hitachi Lightning 9900™ V Series

Hitachi Lightning 9900™ V Series Availability No single point of failure Non-disruptive everything 100% data availability Availability enhancing software Connectivity 48/64 host channel ports 8192 virtual ports Fibre Channel/ESCON/FICON Host Storage Domains Scalability 8192 logical addresses 18TB/148TB raw capacity 146GB 10K drives 73GB 10K & 15K drives 36GB 15K drives Performance 15GB/s aggregate bandwidth Hi-Star™ Crossbar Switch Architecture End-to-end Fibre Performance Maximizer tools

Separate Front End / Back End cards Front-end – Channel Adapters 64-bit processors One port, one processor for all LUNs All ports are fast and share no port resources Connected via Silicon Switch Architecture to: Backend – Array Control Processors (ACP) 1Gbps FC-AL to the physical disks 4 paths per ACP, 8 paths per ACP Pair 32 total physical disk loops for a total of 32 GB/s

Hi-Star™ Crossbar Switch Architecture

Lightning 9900 V Series Hardware Summary Up to 48 channels (16 w 2nd ACP) 8192 logical addresses 1 or 2 Array Control Processors (ACP) Up to 3GB Control Memory Up to 64GB cache Up to 63 Array groups 128 HDD 36GB/73GB/146GB 18TB raw Raid 5 3+1, 7+1 Raid 1+ 2+2, 4+4 1-4 Spare disks Min one per rpm type Optional 2nd Service Processor (SVP) Lightning 9980V™ Up to 64 channels 8192 logical addresses 1 std, 2,3 or 4 ACPs Up to 6GB Control Memory Up to 128GB cache Up to 254 Array groups 1024 HDD 36GB/73GB/146GB 148TB raw Raid 5 3+1, 7+1 Raid 1+ 2+2, 4+4 1-16 Spare disks Min one per rpm type Optional 2nd Service Processor (SVP)

Firmware Assists Host Storage Domains (HSD) Priority Access Allows sharing of physical ports Each HSD has its own logical (virtual) FC port FC port “mode set” applies to logical FC port in each HSD Each HSD has its own set of LUNs Hosts matched to their assigned HSD based upon WWN Hosts can only “see” their own HSD Priority Access Allocates bandwidth based on QoS requirements At physical port level, or Host Group level within Port Enables consolidation of mixed workloads Disk-based Virtual WORM Storage System and Storage Area Management Products CIM- and SMI-S-based strategy Business Continuity Products Local/Remote, mirrors or shadows, sync or async All of the items listed on this page, except priority access, and on both Lighting and Thunder. Priority access is Lightning only

Midrange Storage Hitachi Thunder 9500™ V Series

Hitachi Thunder 9500™ V Series Tiered Storage “in a box” Data Characteristics Operational Data 1 Fibre Channel high- performance, higher-cost storage (Dynamic online data, rich media, large data bases, etc.) High-speed transactions High-speed data access Data integrity a must Fixed Content 2 Data retained “forever” Redundancy desired Data integrity over long haul Response time in seconds Can employ WORM SATA-based high- capacity, lower-cost storage (Fixed content: Old e-mail, X-rays, Regulatory data, etc.) From 3U Rack system to up to 107 Terabytes Dual controller, 2, 4 or 8 data-path design Fully fault tolerant and fault self-correcting Shares business continuity and management products with Lighting line Backup Data 3 Thunder fibre, particularly the Thunder 9585V, offers the best performance in the industry with fibre storage. This is ideal for operational data, such as data bases, rich media, online access, etc. SATA-based high- capacity, lower-cost storage (Backup data: Any data that is going to get backed up to tape.) Examples: D2D2T Data stays until next backup – provides rapid restore of last backup. Restore performance is key Tape is not eliminated, but its usage is confined to offsite ARCHIVAL only Tape

Hitachi Thunder 9500 V Series Family Specifications FEATURE Thunder 9530V™ Thunder 9570V™ Thunder 9585V™ Raw capacity 2TB 32TB fibre, 54 TB SATA mix 64TB fibre, 107TB SATA mix Drives 14 Fibre Channel 224 Fibre, 210 SATA 449 Fibre, 420 SATA Architecture Dual Controller, bus Dual Controller, bus Dual Controller, bus Bandwidth 2.1/4.2GB/second 4.2GB/second 7.5GB/second Front-end connectivity 2 FC @ 2Gb/s 4 FC @ 2Gb/s 8 FC @ 2Gb/s Back-end connectivity 4 FC/AL @ 2Gb/s 4 FC/AL @ 2Gb/s 8 FC/AL @ 2Gb/s Mirrored cache 1-4GB 2-4GB 2-8GB Virtual Storage Ports 256 512 1,024 HDD Types ( GB ) 36/72/146 fibre 36/72/146 fibre, 250 SATA 36/72/146 fibre, 250 SATA MAX LUNs 512 512 2,048 RAID Groups 7 45 90

Summary of Major SATA ( PC ) and Fibre Channel (Enterprise) Differences PATA SATA Fibre/SCSI Performance Spin rate RPM 2 5400, becoming 7200 7,200 10,000 15,000 Latency ms 5.5 4 3 Seek time ms 13 9.3 5 Command Queuing N Y RPS no yes Dual port Max transfer MB/s 100/133 150 200 Future max transfer MB/s 133 300, then 600 400, then 1000 Sustained transfer MB/s 46 59 69 75 Reliability Typical MTBF 300,000 - 600,000 600,000 1,200,000 Duty cycle 8 by 5, not continual high access use 24 by 7 by 365 continual high access Rotational vibration 5 rads / sec / sec 21 rads / sec / sec Interactive error management Internal data integrity checks Price ratio 1 1.1 2 to 3 Notes 2. PATA HDDs with 7200 RPM are beginning to appear. However, most vendors are using SATA instead of PATA 3. Seek times of 10 ms for PATA are beginning to appear. However, most vendors are using SATA instead of PATA 4. Theoretical max for PATA is 133. Only one PATA drive transferring at 133 was found. The rest were 100. Desktop Enterprise Major Differences 1. All figures in this table are typical numbers for the technology listed Hitachi Data Systems tracks the industry and puts the best possible appropriate drive technology and drives into our Arrays. However we have a policy of not pre-announcing new technologies. Therefore … No announced plan for faster or larger drives. In general though we track the industry and will be increasing drive sizes & speeds as appropriate. No announced plans for FATA drive support. The FATA drive is based on the same platform as ATA and Serial ATA drives, but features a dual-ported 2 Gb/s Fibre Channel interface. No announced plans for SATA II drives. SATA II is the second-generation SATA disk interface which will be deployed in two phases. The first phase, called “Extensions to Serial ATA 1.0”, focuses on addressing needs of servers and network storage. These include queueing, enclosure services, hot plug, cold presence detect, cabling and backplane improvements. The second phase aims at scaling performance to 3.0Gb/sec per port. No announced plans for Serial Attached SCSI (SAS). This is the next generation parallel SCSI replacement technology, also aiming at 3 Gb/sec per device and support for up to 128 devices via an expander.

Thunder 9500 V Series Serial ATA Data Protection Mechanisms #1 Read-after-write function Protect against progressive head misalignment Utilise existing compare circuits Overcome ATA-interface lack of Byte Check Command (Verify) ④ ③Read Fig. Write & Compare ①Write ②Seek

Thunder 9500 V Series Serial ATA Data Protection Mechanisms #2 Recommend Increase Sparing Protect against potential higher failure rate of drives Dynamic Global Hot Sparing Fast Rich Correction Copy ( faster uCode ) User can set rebuild priority, and change it “on the fly” Recommend user prioritise rebuild over Host I/O Automatically schedule maintenance call when 2xspares used (via Hi-Track®) Threshold for sparing uses S.M.A.R.T information SMART ( Self-monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology ) is an open standard for monitoring and reporting the health of the disk drive. It is intended to help detect problems with a drive before it has a hardfail. Direct copy sparing will be performed if SMART information indicates softfail thresholds are exceeded. If the disk drive hard fails, parity information will be used to rebuild the disk drive on a global hot spare The disk drive softfail error threshold has been exceeded. Disk is spared out via copy function I/O is accepted Controller Global hot spare (can be anywhere in Thunder) A B C D E C’

Thunder 9500 V Series Serial ATA Data Protection Mechanisms #3 To reduce SATA drives higher failure rate, the following functions are performed: Unique microcode in Thunder 9500 V Series enhances HDD functionalities to give superior reliability During periods of no I/O activity, idle seeks are performed to prevent the heads from remaining in one place. If I/O is constant, every 10 minutes drive access momentarily halts for 5 seconds and a disk sweep is performed If a drive has been inactive for 2 hours, a Head Unload operation is performed, retracting heads from disk surface until the drive is again accessed For every record, even on SATA HDDs, an 8 byte LA/LRC check is added. This ensures data consistency

Thank You

TagmaStore Universal Storage Platform

New HDS TagmaStore Universal Storage Platform – System Characteristics Universal Star Network™ Architecture New generation “non blocking” switching architecture Faster switch components mean enhanced data and control bandwidth 8x EMC real internal bandwidth Helps consolidations and fast transactions applications Separate Control Memory region for increased reliability and serviceability Expanded Cache Memory and flexible Front-End/Back-end configuration Faster and increased number of RISC processors across the system Conform better to the applications needs Improved Fibre Channel and FICON design Additional reliability: reduces outages, increases productivity Faster back-end design 2Gbps disk interface Ease performance bottlenecks, helps with applications consolidation and QoS Enhanced RAID-1+ and RAID-5 Later release of RAID-6 for increased reliability, recovery and security The Hitachi Star Network Architecture (formerly known as HiStar) has been further enhanced; data bandwidth is 5 times that of the 9900V and 8 times the real bandwidth of the DMX. Control Memory speed is three times better. These numbers are not a bragging factor, they means that the machine can accommodate more or better applications consolidation, better QoS (quality of service) control; etc. The redesign of some components also helps increase the reliability which translates in better productivity and lower operational costs.

Universal Storage Platform – Specifications 64 switched data paths = 68GB/s Cached Bandwidth a 541% Increase in Cached Bandwidth Separate 64 control paths connect to cache memory = 13GB/s Control Bandwidth a 145% Increase in Control Bandwidth 300% more active paths in/out of cache memory than EMC Symmetrix DMX 3000-2 a 50% Increase over the Industry Dominating Hitachi Lightning 9980V™ and EMC DMX-2 128 concurrent cache memory operations 128GB of Cache Memory plus 6GB of Control Memory Up to 192 FC connections Three times as many as our closest competitor 96 ESCON or 48 FICON ports 50% more than anyone else Over 2GB/s sequential throughput 400% improvement over DMX Almost 2Million IOPS cache hit operations 4 times the competition Up to 64 Back-end FC loops All active-active, twice as many as the competition RAID-1+ and RAID-5 4 disk or 8 disk groups beyond the same Director We reinforce the unique characteristics of USP with a direct relation with both earlier generations and direct competition. Speed and features are not disjoint elements; they are the enablers of consolidation, applications improvements, new functions etc. Security and flexibility are also enhanced

Universal Storage Platform – New Functionality Universal Volume Manager Externally (FC) connects different storage systems Transparent use of different technologies beyond a single point of control Match applications with storage characteristics Cost effective solutions for open systems and S/390® and z/OS® environments External capacity Manages up to 32PB of total storage Up to 165TB/330TB internal storage Virtualizes/Simplifies management of multiple tiers of storage Simplified configuration and management Advanced functions within multiple tiers of storage (Hitachi and other OEM) DLM data movement engine Universal replication between unlike storage vendors, simplify business continuity management, lower costs ERP Email Order System Data Mining File Service FC/IP SAN Print Service Universal Storage Platform Physical Storage Pool Universal Storage Management, also referred to as external storage management, is the newest and most impressive feature offered by the USP. Technically it means that USP can now support different type of storage technology presenting a single image/capacity to the attached hosts. Different type of technology and devices enable to associate the applications to the appropriate disk technology without having to deal with multiple point of control and it enables a Life Cycle Management solution that, although rudimental at the beginning, will see more tools and better management from HDS. The benefits of this solution are storage simplification, better management, lower operational costs and extended ROI of existing hardware High Perf. 99.99% 100% General Purpose Backup Archive Thunder 9500V Lightning 9900V Thunder 9500 SATA Lightning 9900 7700E Competitors Storage Partners Storage

External Storage – Implementation ELUN is a LUN which is mapped to a LUN in an external storage device This slide should help understand how technically the connection of externally attached storage is achieved. The External Storage looks like as it were part of the USP with not distinction. Through Storage Navigator, the user will be able to see where the volume is physically created and can manage it accordingly (assign the volume to an application, use it as secondary SI volume etc..)

Universal Storage Platform – Virtual Partition Manager Physical Storage Pool Lightning 9900V Thunder 9500V Thunder 9500 SATA Backup Archive General Purpose 100% 99.99% High Perf. FC/IP SAN Virtual Private Storage 8 FC Storage Ports Multiple LUN 0’s 16GB Cache 100GB HP Disk 20GB 100% Avail Disk 50GB Archive Disk 32GB Cache 500GB HP Disk 60GB 100% Avail Disk 2TB Archive Disk 2 FC Storage Ports 24GB Cache 200GB HP Disk 80GB 100% Avail Disk 20GB Archive Disk 2 IP Storage Ports 8GB Cache 20GB HP Disk 100GB Archive Disk Universal Storage Platform Virtual Partition Manager Creates up to 32 different virtual storage units Unique cache, channels, back-end resources aggregation Host Storage Domains further extend connectivity Allows to consolidate heterogeneous environment Provide better QoS control Ease consolidation and assets management Dynamically allocated, statically used Assign the resources between partitions if not required or used Maintain separation and security between partitions Benefits Better resource usage Users and applications aggregation not possible before = lower operational costs Virtual Partition manager, available at the second GA, is the second unique feature available with the USP. This features allows to carve USP is several (32) virtual storage device each one with a defined, dynamically changeable, set of resources (cache space, channels, LDEV/Parity groups etc.). This allow to further manage consolidations, removing the physiological barrier of sharing data with other users; it remove the possibility of applications impacting each other performances by consuming excessive resources and can help in controlling the QoS agreement the service provide may put in place. Remember, better resource usage translate in lower operational costs.