Managing Globally
Occasional export order Management by domestic sales department
Increasing volume Export sales department The Export Department Structure
Major corporate effort to reach foreign markets International division The International Division Structure
Total corporate commitment Wholly owned foreign subsidiaries, joint ventures, etc.
Six basic types of global structures: Global product structure - product divisions are responsible for manufacturing and marketing worldwide. Global area structure - geographic divisions are responsible for all manufacturing and marketing in their respective areas. Global functional structure - functional areas (production, marketing, finance, and personnel) are responsible for the worldwide operations of their own functional area. Global customer structure - operations are structured based on distinct worldwide customer groups. Mixed or hybrid structure - may combine the other alternatives. Matrix structure - operations have reporting responsibility to more than one group (typically, product, function, or area).
Decentralized – autonomy Centralized – concentration/control “Coordinated Decentralization” – overall corporate strategy with local autonomy
Degree of involvement in international operations Type of products Size and importance of firm’s markets Human resource capability Strategic leader
Concept: Decentralize, but link “Not-invented-here” Syndrome “Boundarylessness” Intranet
OUTPUT CONTROLS Balance sheets Sales data Production data Performance reviews BEHAVIOR CONTROLS Company policies Manuals Budgeting
Factors: 1. Competence 2. Adaptability 3. Personal characteristics 4. Screening
Compensation is divided into: Base salary - dependent on qualifications and responsibilities cost of living allowances foreign service premiums hardship allowances housing allowances tax-equalization plans Nonsalary-related allowances relocation allowance mobility allowance housing allowance automobile protection travel expenses temporary living expenses education allowance for families medical expenses and services Survey
Goldmine v. Quagmire Commit: Time Resources Management
Accident v. Design