PHOTOACOUSTIC IMAGING TO DETECT TUMOR HAIFENG WANG SUBHASHINI PAKALAPATI VU TRAN Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell HAIFENG WANG SUBHASHINI PAKALAPATI VU TRAN Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell 1

OUTLINE Introduction Brief Principle of Photoacoustic (PA) Different Techniques of PAI Comparison of Various Imaging Techniques Advantages and Disadvantages Tasks Reference 2

Brief  Conversion of photons to acoustic waves due to absorption and localized thermal excitation.  Pulses of light is absorbed, energy will be radiated as heat.  Heat causes detectable sound waves due to pressure variation. 3

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Ultrasound applications: Ultrasound in optical fibers Introduction of Ultrasound Optical fiber ultrasound generator Optical fiber ultrasound detector 125µm Laser induced optical fiber ultrasound generator-receiver

Principle of photoacoustic Optical fiber Energy absorption layer Laser excitation Acoustic signals The light energy is converted into thermal energy via energy absorption layer; The thermal energy converts into mechanical wave because of thermal expansion; An acoustic wave is generated.

Principle of photoacoustic by gold nanoparticle Optical fiber Energy absorption layer Gold nanoparticle Laser pulse Sound pulse Laser excitation Acoustic signals

Principle of photoacoustic by cells or tissues[1]

Experimental set up of photoacoustic molecular imaging[2]

10 Angiogenesis

Tumor Detection Using Endogenous Contrast Xueding Wang, William W. Roberts, Paul L. Carson, David P. Wood and J. Brian Fowlkes, Photoacoustic tomography: a potential new tool for prostate cancer, 2010 :Vol. 1, No. 4 : Biomedical Optics Express 1117

Using Exogenous Contrast 3-D photoacoustic imaging Evans Blue acted as a contrast agent. Deep lying blood vessels in real tissue samples were imaged at depths of 5 mm and at 9 mm from the plane of detection. The sensitivity of the technique was proven by photoacoustic detection of single red blood cells upon a glass plate C.G.A Hoelen et.al,1998

PAImaging Using Gold Nano Particles 14 Qizhi Zhang et.al,2010

15 Qizhi Zhang et.al.,2010

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT IMAGING TECHNIQUES: ULTRASOUND  Transducer emit ultrasound wave and get signals back from object  D= t.v  Scan volume to get image 16

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY  Use X-ray to collect data  Detector collects the sum of absorption factors in one direction  Using the computing algorithms, the absorption factor of each voxel will be calculated.  3D image will be constructed based on these factors. 17

MRI  A powerful magnetic field is used to align the magnetization of Hydrogen atoms in the body  Radio frequency fields are used to alter the alignment of this magnetization  Nuclei to produce a rotating magnetic field detectable by the scanner 18

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY  Positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer) is introduced into the body on a biologically active molecule  System detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a tracer  Three-dimensional images of tracer concentration within the body are then constructed by computer analysis 19

SINGLER PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY A gamma-emitting radioisotope is injected into the bloodstream of the patient A marker radioisotope has been attached to a special radioligand (chemical binding properties to certain types of tissues) The ligand concentration is detected by a gamma-camera 20

ADVANTAGES 1.Ability to detect deeply situated tumor and its vasculature 2.Monitors angiogenesis 3.High resolution 4.Compatible to Ultra Sound 5.High Penetration depth 6.No radioactive 7.Small size 8.Easy to clean and maintenance 9.No noise 1. Limited Path length 2. Temperature Dependence 3. Weak absorption at short wavelengths DISADVANTAGES 21

TASKS –To Refine and improve the paper. 22

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