Harashina, Sachihiko Tokyo Institute of Technology Past President, IAIA Environmental Assessment Related Higher Education in Japan: An overview TwoEA-M project seminar in Seoul Nov. 30-Dec.1, 2009

A Brief History of EA in Japan 1972 Stockholm UN Conf. on Human Environment 73 Preparation of EIA system on national level 76 First local EIA ordinance, Kawasaki City First trial of sending the EIA Bill (failed in 83) 84 EIA Guideline by the Cabinet (Kakugi EIA) 93 Basic Environmental Law 97 Establishment of EIA Act 99 Fujimae tidal flat was protected by the EIA Implementation of EIA Act 2002 First local SEA guideline, Saitama Pref. 04 JICA introduced SEA in new EIA guideline 07 MOE introduced the Shared Guideline of SEA

EIA Process under the Japan’s EIA Act D-EISF-EIS Open to Public Public Comments Informing Meeting The former guideline Proponent Government Public （ Establised, ， Implemented, ） Scoping Document Open to Public Public Comments

Before EIA Act EIA ActNEPA (until Jun 1999) (since Jun 1999) (1969) Proposal of Project Screening by the List of Project Hyoka-sho (FEIS) Permit Junbi-sho (DEIS) Proposal of Project Screening Class 1 Project Class 2 Project Hyoka-sho (FEIS) Permit Junbi-sho (DEIS) Proposal of Project, Program, Policy Screening Permit DEIS Hyoka-sho (Scoping) FEIS Scoping EA Referral by CEQ Process with Public participation/ Public Involvement National Level EIA Systems: Japan and the US

Environmental Assessment in Japan EIA National Level: EIA Act, 1997 Fully implemented since 1999 about 20 cases/year Local Government: Local Ordinances in all 47 Pref. about 50 cases/year SEA National Level: Shared Guideline, 2007 Some advanced local governments e.g. Saitama Pref In ODA activities: JICA, (revised GL, 2010?)

EA Education in Japan Universities Ordinal University Remote Education by the Open Univ. of Japan Administrative bodies Min. of the Environment Min. of Land, Infrastructures & Transportation Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Industries Japan Association for Environmental Assessment (JEAS)

EA courses in Japanese Universities The number of the courses is big: 92 courses were found in Japanese Universities, by the survey of JEAS in 2009 Others which include EA as a part of the course are more than 500. The background is quite divers: Engineering based Natural science based

CategoryFaculty/Department Name Civil Engineering Engineering, Science and Engineering, etc. ArchitectureArchitecture, Design, etc. Oceanics Marine Science and Technology, Ocean Civil Engineering, Fisheries, etc. ScienceScience, Life Science, Bioresource Sciences, etc. AgricultureAgriculture, Horticulture, Food Science, etc. Environmental Ｓｔｕｄｉｅ ｓ Environment, Humanity and Environment, Environment and Information Studies, etc. LawLaw, etc. EconomicsEconomics, etc. BusinessCommerce, Business Administration, Tourism, etc. Others Literature, Sociology, Policy Studies, Human Life, Medicine/Health, Applied Computer Engineering, Education, Media/Communication, etc. Table Categorization of Faculties with EA related courses (JEAS, 2009) Japan Association of Environment Assessment (2009) JEAS news autumn, no.124

Fig. Proportion of the Faculty type with EA related course (JEAS, 2009) Japan Association of Environment Assessment (2009) JEAS news autumn, no.124

Very big number in Japan How about the result As application of EA in Japan is not much, These are mostly for knowledge It is important for Stakeholders including general public and industries to understand what is EA For knowledge TV Broadcasting is an efficient way

The Open University of Japan (OUJ) 放送大学 Broadcasting through TV and Radio Supported by the national government provides credit for graduation basic function is an ordinal university Media are broadcasting and schooling By broadcasting: Another function is enlightenment of the general public

Environmental Assessment by Sachihiko Harashina

放送大学 「環境アセスメント」 “Environmental Assessment” courses at the Open University of Japan TV Broadcasting (by S. Harashina and others) Series 1: 環境アセスメント Environmental Assessment (EIA) Series 2: 改定版・環境アセスメント Rev. Environmental Assessment (EIA and SEA) Series 3: 人間活動の環境影響 Human Impacts on the Environment (IA in general)

Environmental Impact Assessment The major purpose of US NEPA (1969) ‘.... will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment’ Support a wise decision-making Rational and Fair Judgment

The Role of Environmental Impact Assessment For fairness, we need Public Participation. Information Disclosure Rational and Fair Judgment Supporting Consensus Building for Sustainable Development

The concept which should be conveyed to the society For Rationality: Scientific Analysis Engineering Skill Application of Systems Analysis For Fairness: Democratic Process Participation and Information Disclosure and For Efficiency: Innovate Efficient Way of Communication

EA environmental ethics dispute resolution IT & ICT protection/mitigation measures Three Disciplines of EA Education prediction/evaluation public participation Engineering & Natural Science Law & Economics Planning & Policy HEP planning administration environmental management consensus building GIS CG facilitation environmental law environmental economics SEA EIA

Environmental Assessment Related Higher Education in Japan What are the contents more in detail?