Third-generation information architecture November 4, 2008

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 Enterprise an organization created for business ventures  Information Technology the use of computers and software to manage information an industry  Information Architecture a fundamental approach to organizing information in digital environments a profession in its own right 3

“a field that specializes in finding solutions for optimal use of information within organizations, for instance to support decision-making processes or day-to-day operations that require the availability of knowledge” 4

 Corporations always want to increase profits and reduce costs  Information — about customers, products, financials, business processes, partners, and employees can be used to improve customer intimacy, reduce costs, improve products, and mitigate risks  Despite realizing its importance, enterprises struggle to effectively manage and use structured and unstructured information 5

System / System / Focused on technology solutions rather than use of information 1st Generation IA 1970 – 1980 Stand alone applications 2 nd Generation IA 1990s Integrated set of components System / Application 6

 Different information can be found in different places across the enterprise  Some information is more secure than other  There are different types of formats and storage of information  Information is accessed in different ways Information can be found in – Personal computer hard drives – Shared drives – Databases – Thumb drives – Application servers Information is organized in different ways – By application – By user – By function – By supporting structure – By business unit Information comes in different formats – Documents (.doc,.xls,.pdf, xml, etc.) – Diagrams (.gif,.vsd,.bmp, etc.) – Sound, video – Etc. 7

 Provide access to current, correct information to operate the business and facilitate decision making  Manage information as a business asset to ensure that its value is maximized and protected  Meet changing requirements from business units more rapidly and effectively  Improve the ability to recover information in the event of business interruption  Improve adherence to compliance policies and regulations 8

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 Set of models, standards and practices  Related to process, information and technology  Derived from the business challenges that set the context for information technology activities 10

Gartner EA Framework Zachman Framework 11

Scope Technology, as a foundation, needs to be driven by the needs of the business Organization Process Information Capability Systems Architecture Geography Business Context & Direction Technology 12

Scop e Technology, as a foundation, needs to be driven by the needs of the business Organization Process Information Capability Systems Architecture Geography Business Context & Direction Information Technology 13

Scope Organization Process Information Capability Systems Architecture Geography Business Context & Direction Information Technology Business Requirements Dimensions Tools Implementation Feedback 14

The kinds of information and content: Structured and unstructured documents Tacit knowledge Non-document-based content (images & animation) Policies and procedures Technologies that support content creation and dissemination (search, CM, portals, etc.) The ways that content is structured such as: Metadata Taxonomies Controlled vocabularies Semantic networks Ontologies Social network analysis representations Knowledge and topic maps And other advanced knowledge representations Systems and Applications Semantic Infrastructure 15

 Corporation’s recognize the need to manage information across the enterprise  Managing information is not only a technology issue any longer  Information architects are applying IA methods to business problems beyond the web  A number of different disciplines are incorporating information management skills as part of their job requirements, among others are: Enterprise Architects Business Analysts Product Managers Program Managers Solution Architects Web Community Managers Records Management Managers 16

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 Third-Generation Information Architecture by Roger and Elaine Evernden, Communications of the ACM, March 2003 Vol. 46 No. 3  How To Tackle An Enterprise Information Management Strategy by Barry Murphy Forrester, January 3, 2006 How To Tackle An Enterprise Information Management Strategy by Barry Murphy  Enterprise Information Architecture: A Semantic and Organizational Foundation by Tom Reamy, BoxesandArrows, November 11, 2006 Enterprise Information Architecture: A Semantic and Organizational Foundation by Tom Reamy,  Laughing at the CIO; A Parable and Prescription for IT Leadership by Bob Boiko, 2007  The Zachman Institute for Framework Advancement, 18