By : Halemeh Moh . Abu Shammala Presented to: Dr. Ayham Abu Lila Eye infection By : Halemeh Moh . Abu Shammala Presented to: Dr. Ayham Abu Lila

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والله أخرجكم من بطون أمهاتكم لا تعلمون شيئا وجعل لكم السمع والأبصار والأفئدة لعلكم تشكرون النحل أية (78).

Protective factors The eye is well protected from infection by the conjunctiva and the corneal epithelium. the tear film contains antimicrobials while the tear flow itself tends to wash away pathogens The eye harbors a host of nonpathogenic bacteria that competitively prohibit new bacteria growth.

However, these eye-defenses can be breached by An eye infection trauma, improper tearing, or contact lens wear and lead to an infection. An eye infection threatens vision, can act as an entry portal to the rest of the body and infections can progress to systemic involvement, meningitis, and even death.

Some microbial eye’s diseases Eyelid >>>>>>>>> (blepharitis) eyelash follicle>>>>>>> Stye tissue around eye>>>>> Orbital cellulitis Conjunctiva >>>>>>>Conjunctivitis acute inflammatory conjunctivitis>>> Trachoma the cornea >>>>>>>> (keratitis) the liquid inside the eye>>>> (vitritis), the retina and the blood vessels that feed it >>>>>>>>(chorioretinitis), the optic nerve>>>>>>>> (neuroretinitis).

Blepharitis inflammation of eyelid major symptom : crusty or greasy eyelashes Itching is common, It is caused by skin bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus infection is most common

Stye and Chalazion Stye is an infection that causes a tender red lump on the eyelid. Most styes occur along the edge of the eyelid. When a stye occurs inside the eyelid, it is called an internal hordeolum An internal hordeolum is caused by infection in one of the tiny oil glands inside the eyelid. Caused by Staphylococcus aureus T : Apply warm, wet compresses 3 to 6 times a day.

Chalazion is a lump in the eyelid. develops when an oil gland in the eyelid becomes blocked . may look like styes, but they are usually larger and may not be painful.

Meibomianitis is an inflammation of the meibomian glands, a group of oil-secreting (sebaceous) glands in the eyelids. These glands have tiny openings to release oils onto the surface of the cornea. increases the thickness of the oily secretions of the meibomian glands will allow excess oils to accumulate on the edges of the lids. This allows for the over-growth of bacteria, which are normally present on skin. can be caused by allergy, the hormonal changes of adolescence, or general skin conditions such as acne.

Dacryoadenitis is an inflammation of the tear-producing gland (lacrimal gland). is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection, common causes include mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, staphylococcus, and gonococcus. Chronic dacryoadenitis is usually due to noninfectious inflammatory disorders. Examples include : sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital pseudotumor.

Orbital cellulitis major cause is an acute infection of the tissues immediately surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow, and cheek. major cause Haemophilus influenzae :from a concurrent sinus infection (most common in children) S.aureus major symptoms: Painful swelling , Bulging eyes Decreased vision , Eye pain , Fever . considered an emergency, why? can cause blindness , or brain abscess

Conjunctivitis "pink eye" Is the most common eye infection . caused by dilation of blood vessels types of Conjunctivitis includes: Viral conjunctivitis Bacterial conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis Giant papillary conjunctivitis often affects soft contact lens wearers.

Bacterial conjunctivitis Infection and inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. major symptoms : Eye discharge : a thick discharge or pus . Red eyes Foreign body eye sensation Eye pain Swollen eyelids

Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious, because airborne viruses can be spread through sneezing and coughing. can accompany common viral upper respiratory infections such as measles, the flu or the common cold. usually produces a watery discharge. Unlike with bacterial infections, antibiotics will not work against viruses. But viral conjunctivitis is self-limited, which means it will go away by itself after a short time.

Trachoma is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness. Trachoma is the result of infection of the eye with Chlamydia trachomatis. Infection often begins during infancy or childhood and can become chronic.

Neonatal conjunctivitis Up to 10 percent of all pregnant women in the United States have a sexually transmitted chlamydial infection. Another type of sexually transmitted disease related to the herpes simplex virus type 2 found in the genital area can infect eyes of infants as they are born. Herpes simplex virus type 1, also can cause a type of eye herpes that results in pink eye.

Inclusion conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . The infection can occur in newborns while passing through an infected birth canal. Adult infections tend to be transmitted to the eye from the infected genitals via the hands. Diagnosis : is made by taking conjuctival cells with a swap or platinum spatula

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome is an eye problem similar to conjunctivitis ("pink eye"). It usually affects only one eye and is accompanied by nearby swollen lymph nodes and an illness with a fever. Causes Is caused by an infection by bacteria, virus, fungus, or a parasite. The most common causes are : cat-scratch disease and tularemia (rabbit fever).

keratitis Is inflammation of the cornea. Viral keratitis : Herpes simplex keratitis, leaves what is called a 'dendritic ulcer'. Herpes zoster keratitis . Onchocercal keratitis : which follows O. volvulus infection by infected black fly bite.

What are dendritic ulcers? A corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, or eyesore a common and serious infection of the corneal epithelium by Herpes simplex virus type I. The virus lies dormant in the trigeminal nerve between attacks. It is a common condition in humans particularly in the tropics and the agrarian societies. In developing countries, children afflicted by Vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become blind in both eyes, which may persist lifelong. Symptoms extremely painful due to nerve exposure, cause tearing, vision loss of the eye. There may also be signs of anterior uveitis, such as miosis (small pupil), aqueous flare (protein in the aqueous humour) .

It can be seen with the slit lamp microscope used to examine your eye. Fluorescent yellow drops are used to show the ulcer up more easily.

Amoebic keratitis : the most serious corneal infection, usually affecting contact lens wearers caused by Acanthamoeba.

Bacterial keratitis: can follow from an injury or from wearing contact lenses. Staphylococcus aureus : for contact lens wearers, Pseudomonas aeruginosa: contains enzymes that can digest the cornea.

Fungal keratitis : Fusarium sp.

Endophthalmitis Is inflammation of the uveal tract or posterior chamber . Usually caused by intraocular infection. Major cause : Bacillus cereus

chorioretinitis Symptoms : Inflammation of the choroids and retina of the eye. It can be caused by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus or protozoa. Cytomegalovirus (AIDS ) Herpes virus 2 Histoplasmosis Syphilis, congenital Toxoplasma, congenital Symptoms : Progressive loss of vision Floating black spots Blurry vision

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