Commercial Surgical Simulators An overview by Zaheer Mukhtar
Laparoscopic Surgery
Used in Laparoscopy
Laparoscopic simulators What is Laparoscopic Simulator ? Why do we need simulators? Current simulators and technology in the market?
Why do we need simulators? Unethical to perform on practice on human being Affordable No time limitation Risk free practice No infection worries Safety from serious accidents
Box Trainers
Immersion Market leaders in “ Science of touch”. CathSim (Vascular access simulator). AccuTouch(Endovascular simulation & Endoscopy Simu.
Mentice MIST-VR (1990 s) Does not provide actual surgical environment. Collaborated with Sim-Surgery A/S to develop Key surgical activities KSA. Advance activities such as, suturing, knot tying, needle passing and stitching. Procedicus for MIST and KSA modules, haptic from immersion. Price 16000$-25000$
Surgical Science AB LapSim (2002), virtual laparoscopic interface. LapSim Basic 2.0 released (2003), 9 tasks with 3 level of difficulties. Provides performance evaluation LapSim Gyn and LapSim Dissections modules LapSim basic around 50,000$ 16,000$ each module.
Simbionix Ltd. LapMentor (2003) with 3 modules Basic Task Module Camera manipulation, hand-eye coordination, clip applying translocation of objects. Procedural Tasks module Step by step Cholecystectomy with video tutorials Virtual Patient Module CT and MRI library, combine various cases of CT and MRI over a virtual patient Price 90,000$
RoSS Simulator (for practicing for Devinci)
Reachin Technologies AB Reachin Laparoscopic Trainer (RLT) 2002. 2004, collaboration with Mentice AB. Two modules RLT-B Basic laparoscopic skills only RLT-BC Full simulation of laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Unique Feature is option for haptic
Over all Comparison
Sofie (Robot for surgery)