MICROBIOLOGY - STUDY OF MICROOGANISMS GOOD AND BAD

MICROBES ARE ALL AROUND US: GOOD AND BAD GOOD - nonpathogenic BAD – PATHOGENIC Microorganisms Digestion: E Coli (Escherichia) Diseases: MRSA Methiceillin resistant staphylococcus aureus Medicines: penicillin, antibiotics, Illness: Food poisoning salmonella, typhoid fever, measles, mumps, rubella Food: yogurt, cheese, breads Soy, truffles, mushrooms, Wine, beer, citric acid, vinegars Death: anthrax bacillus anthracic Waste removal/disposal Toxic: botulism, cholera, plaque Plant growth Industry: textiles

TYPE OF GERMS ONE IS EXPOSE TO

BACTERIA (YELLOW STRANDS) HUMAN TONGUE WITH BACTERIA (YELLOW STRANDS)

TYPES OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS: MOLD, VIRUSES, BACTERIA, SPORES

VIRUSES Smallest infectious microorganism Live in a host Spread by person to person Killed with disinfection or sterilization but not antibiotics Hepatitis B virus most resistant Other Viral infections: AIDs, measles, mumps, rubella polio, chickenpox, herpes, warts, colds, influenza

BACTERIA Single cell microorganisms No chlorophyll Live inside tissues Can be stained Have 4 shapes: cocci – round bacilli – rod spirilla – spiral vibrios- curved

SPORES Bacteria that cannot be stained are called spores Have a outer protective outer covering Needs the highest heat to kill

FUNGI – YEASTS AND MOLDS Smaller than protozoa; larger than bacteria Lack chlorophyll Cannot be killed by antibiotics Good fungi: yeasts, cheese Bad fungi: mono, thrush, candidacies Athlete’s foot, ringworm

PROTOZOA Single cell animals amoeba Live in fluids in the bloodstream, oral cavity and intestines Contain chlorophyll Aerobic Cause: amebic dysentery and periodontal disease from water supply, and malaria, sleeping sickness (insect bites)

RICKETTSIAE Parasites live inside a host Examples: lice, ticks, fleas, roaches, rats, mites Diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus.

STAPHYLOCOCCI Causes Plaque and Calculus

CONDITIONS FOR INFECTION – KOCHS POSTULATE

CHAIN OF INFECTION

MEASURES TO BREAK THE CHAIN OF INFECTION

Diseases can be spread via vector ie insects

BACTERIA CAN LIVE WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN ANAEROBIC = DOES NOT NEED OXYGEN AEROBIC = NEEDS OXYGEN FACULTATIVE ANAEROBIC = LIVES IN EITHER CONDITION

DISEASE OF CONCERN FOR THE DENTAL OFFICE HEPATITIS TUBERCULOSIS HIV AIDS FLU

HEPATITIS Attacks the liver Transmission: infected blood Signs and symptoms: fatigue, mild fever, muscle/joint aches, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, Changes in urine and stool color. Types: Hep A (HAV) – oral-fecal route, food handlers Hep B (HBV) – perinarally at birth, needle sticks/sharps sexual contact, blood transfusion, hemodialysis Hep C (HCV) – needle sticks, tattooing, blood transfusions, hemodialysis Hep D (HDV – infect those with acute or chronic hepatitis B Hep E (HEV) – transmitted through fecal contamination in contaminated water supply Hep G (HGV – transmitted via the blood, usually occurs in patients under 16 years old

TUBERCULOSIS Caused by bacterial infection in the lungs Symptoms: fatigue, low grade fever, weight loss, night sweats persistent cough Spread through the air, coughs, sneezes, contact with infected saliva Detected through TB skin prick test or chest x-ray Treat with antibiotics

Herpes virus Herpes simplex viral infection Herpes simplex I – lips, mouth, face, oral mucosa, cold sores Herpes simplex II – sexually transmitted: genital herpes Highly contagious and spread by direct contact with lesion and infected Body fluids Recommend to reschedule patients who have oral herpes Treat with antiviral drugs and ointments Herpes simplex I Herpetic Whitlow Cold sores

HIV DISEASE – HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS Causes AIDS – acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Bloodborne pathogen transmitted blood, saliva Transmission: direct contact, sexually, transfusion, needles, from infected mother to fetus Attacks the T-lymphocytes of the immune system Symptoms: fever, weight loss, diarrhea Yellow T cells HIV virus

AIDS - stems from HIV infection Skin cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma Spread from blood, semen Related conditions: cancers, bacterial and viral infections, Fungal infections such as candidacies, extreme weight loss, Pneumonia, diarrhea

BUCCAL CANDIDASIS LACY CANDIDASIS ADVANCE CANDIDASIS

Child with mumps

VIRUS - MEASLES

Chicken Pox Shingles in adults

END OF SERIES Take the Plunge