Team 2: Kelly Foster Chad Mills Lirjon Llusho Dave Rosso September 30, 2009

Background Problem Statement Specifications Constraints Criteria Potential Technologies Solar Electric Boiler Condensing Boiler Geothermal Heat Pump Other Considerations References

Christ the King Church 49 acres in Southgate, MI 8 buildings total Constructed in mid-1970’s Prior to purchase buildings were not used for 10 years

Bldg #Building Usage 1Fellowship Hall 2 Administration & Maintenance 3Clinic / Service Center 4 - 5Grade School (Connected) 6Early Childhood Center 7 - 8Senior Daycare Center Remodeling of building #6 has been completed Building 1 and 4 are planned to be connected via new sanctuary

To design a heating and cooling system for four existing buildings, with current construction plans, that can be adaptable to surrounding buildings. The system will be energy efficient, have low operating costs, and be long- lasting. Our priority will be to design a system that utilizes renewable energy as the main component.

Improve on performance of current ECC installed system Utilize an adaptable, renewable energy system Provide designs for a system that has low operating costs and a longer than 10-year lifespan

Utilize existing ductwork and piping Use already existing space for heating and cooling Have a payback of construction costs within 10 years System placement with respect to current building and campus layout

Maximize the use of renewable energy Minimize the installation and operating costs Optimize use of land Maximize system reliability and efficiency

Step One Sunlight heats a transfer fluid This heat is transferred to a hot water storage tank Step Two Using a chiller, the hot water is brought to 140°F or 44°F for heating or cooling Excess heat is expelled by a cooling tower

Step Three An Energy exchanger uses the hot or cold water to heat or cool air to be delivered throughout the building Step Four While cooling at night, cold water is sent the chiller for naturally cooling

Advantages Provides renewable energy for heating, cooling, and hot water Integrates with existing ventilation system Lower maintenance costs due to fewer moving parts Solar panels are less expensive since they do not actually produce electricity

Disadvantages Cannot relieve dependence on grid energy Requires a supplementary system as a backup

Electro-Industries Rated for kWh 40 gallon capacity ASME and CSA certified

Advantages Simple & easy to use Safe Reliable Compact Efficient (100% theoretically) Environmentally friendly

Disadvantages More expensive than gas-fired or oil-fired Electric power source = Coal-fired power plant Electric power source = Wind/water turbine

Also known as high efficiency boiler Built out of a corrosion resistant material to withstand condensation of steam. By releasing the flue gases at lower temperatures, there is a 20% energy loss avoided. Up to a 98% efficiency

Advantages Retrofitting is done more easily High efficiency Minimal space usage Disadvantages Uses non-renewable fuel Maintenance High initial cost

A few feet under the ground, the soil or water remain a constant 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit ( degrees Celsius) year-round. Fluid circulates through a series of pipes (called a loop) under the ground or beneath the water of a pond or lake and into a building. An electric compressor and heat exchanger pull the heat from the pipes and send it via a duct system throughout the building. In the summer the process is reversed. The pipes draw heat away from the house and carry it to the ground or water outside, where it is absorbed.

Open Loop – ground water is used as heat carrier  Closed Loop– heat exchange  fluid is used

Vertical Loop – Loops extend 75 to 300 ft into the ground Used when space is limited Horizontal– loops are laid 6 ft into the ground Requires large ground area

Advantages Low Operating Cost No Required Exposed Outdoor Equipment Long Life Expectancy Low Cost Integrated Water Heating Low Maintenance No Supplemental Heat Required Low Environmental Impact Disadvantages High first cost of GHP systems to consumers Lack of consumer knowledge and/or trust or confidence in GHP system benefits Limitations of GHP installation infrastructure

Green roof-top Combined solar thermal and geothermal heat pump system

Omer M.A.(2008), "Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol 12, pp e/Primer/Boiler_Introduction.asp