휴대폰 배터리의 원리 - 리튬-이온 배터리- 기계공학부 200120312 허정욱.

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Presentation transcript:

휴대폰 배터리의 원리 - 리튬-이온 배터리- 기계공학부 200120312 허정욱

목차 주제 선정 이유 1차 전지, 2차 전지 원리 소개 리튬-이온 전지 소개 리튬-이온 전지의 장점과 단점 국내 기업의 배터리 산업 동향

주제 선정 이유 막연하게 휴대폰 배터리의 원리에 대한 궁금증 삼성SDI, BMW에 2차 전지 공급 Li-ion Battery의 광범위한 쓰임

전지의 원리 Cathode(음극), Anode(양극), 전해질로 구성 두 전극 사이에 격리판 을 끼워 전극간 접촉 방지 음극(산화 반응), 양극(환원 반응) 도선을 따라 전자 이동, 그 반대로 전류 이동

1차·2차 전지 소개 1차 전지의 예 – 알칼리 전지 음극(Zn), 양극(MnO2), 전해질(KOH) 음극 반응식: Zn(s) + 2OH-(aq) → ZnO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- 양극 반응식: 2MnO2 + H2O(l) + 2e- → Mn2O3(s) + 2OH

2차전지 원리 전기 에너지를 가해 역반응(충전)을 일으킴. 다시 자발적인 산화 환원 반응을 시작함. 전기 에너지를 가해 역반응(충전)을 일으킴. 다시 자발적인 산화 환원 반응을 시작함. 예: 납축전지, 니켈카드늄전지, 리튬이온전지

리튬-이온전지(Lithium-ion Battery) 캐소드(LiCoO2), 애노드(Graphite, LiC6) 전해질(LiPF6, LiBF4 or LiClO4) 평균 기전력: 1cell 당 3.6~3.7V 휴대용 제품, 자동차 배터리로 사용 91년 SONY가 처음으로 상용화 음극: 양극: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery

휴대폰, PDA, 슬림 노트북에 사용

리튬-이온전지 장점 중량 당 에너지(Energy density)가 크다 : 100~160Wh/kg → 경량화 가능 Ni-MH(30~80Wh/kg), Ni-Cd(40~60Wh/kg) 기전력이 크다 : Ni-Cd 전지 전력의 3배(3직렬과 동일) 메모리효과가 없다 자기 방전율이 낮다 : 0.1%/1달 Ni-MH(30%), Ni-Cd(10%) 자기 방전 500회 이상 충전/방전이 가능, 급속 충전 가능 http://www.samsungsdi.co.kr/front/products/storage/battery/p_1_1t.jsp

리튬-이온 전지 단점 제조된 직후부터 낙후가 발생. 전지용량·전해질의 양이 감소되어 수명이 2~3년 정도 온도에 민감. 온도가 높을수록 노화가 빨리 진행. 0℃(6%), 25℃ (20%), 40 ℃ (35%)의 용량 감소. 지나친 고온과 고전압으로 충전할 경우 폭발 위험 완전히 방전시키면 오히려 충전시간이 길어지거나 충전이 되지 않음

국내 기업의 배터리 산업의 동향 삼성SDI와 독일 BOSCH社가 공동 출자하여 SB Limotive 설립. BMW 차세대 전기자동차 2차전지를 독점 공급. 2013~2020년 계약. LG화학은 1월 미국GM의 전기자동차 2차전지 단독 공급업체로 선정. 7월에는 현대기아차의 아반테 하이브리드카 전지 단독 공급. SK에너지 HEV(Hybrid Electric Vehicle) 시장에서 일본과 격차 줄어듬 http://www.newsprime.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=104653

출처 Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery 삼성 SDI http://www.samsungsdi.co.kr/front/products/storage/battery/p_1_1t.jsp 여인형 교수 블로그 http://blog.naver.com/isozero 두산백과사전

감사합니다