1 NIH Supports Biomedical and Behavioral Research Around the Globe Including Scientists at Institutions in over 90 Countries! ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA BELGIUM BOTSWANA BRAZIL CAMBODIA CANADA CHILE CHINA COLUMBIA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DOMINICAN REPUBLIC EGYPT ESTONIA FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY HAITI HONG KONG HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY JAPAN ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA BELGIUM BOTSWANA BRAZIL CAMBODIA CANADA CHILE CHINA COLUMBIA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DOMINICAN REPUBLIC EGYPT ESTONIA FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY HAITI HONG KONG HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY JAPAN KENYA LEBANON MALAWI MEXICO NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND NIGERIA PAKISTAN PERU POLAND RUSSIA SENEGAL SINGAPORE SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND THAILAND TURKEY UNITED KINGDOM URAGUAY ZIMBABWE AND MORE… KENYA LEBANON MALAWI MEXICO NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND NIGERIA PAKISTAN PERU POLAND RUSSIA SENEGAL SINGAPORE SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND THAILAND TURKEY UNITED KINGDOM URAGUAY ZIMBABWE AND MORE…

2 U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services Administration for Children and Families (ACF) Administration for Children and Families (ACF) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Secretary of Health and Human Services Administration on Aging (AoA) Administration on Aging (AoA) Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Indian Health Services (IHS) Indian Health Services (IHS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

3 National Institutes of Health National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases National Cancer Institute National Institute on Aging National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders National Eye Institute National Human Genome Research Institute National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institute of Mental Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institute of General Medical Sciences National Institute of Nursing Research National Library of Medicine National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Fogarty International Center National Center for Research Resources National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering No funding authority NIH Clinical Center Center for Information Technology Center for Scientific Review National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities Office of the Director Office of Extramural Research

4 Applicant Institution Authorized Institutional Official  Principal Investigator Sponsored Research Administrator The Research Partnership NIH Review Administrator  Program Administrator Grants Management Administrator The NIH Extramural Team

5 NIH Initiatives and Hot Topics NIH Themes The B Word: NIH Budget and the impact of ARRA Focus on New Investigators Directions for Peer Review Stem Cell Research Assuring Objectivity in Research

6 Looking to the Future with the New NIH Director 1.NIH Director as of August 17, Former Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 3.Leader of the Human Genome Project 4.Dr. Collins’ own lab discovered a number of important genes, including those responsible for cystic fibrosis, neurofibromatosis, Huntington's disease and more. 5.New York Times best selling book author 6.Interest in the interface of science and faith. 7.Musician and Rock Star of Science 8.Believes the value of the NIH community is one where hard work, laughter, and compassion allow the imagination to soar. Francis S. Collins, Ph.D., MD To better understand the direction of NIH, here’s some known (and little known) facts about the leader of NIH:

8 Opportunity 1: Using high throughput technologies to understand fundamental biology, and to uncover the causes of specific diseases

9 NextGen DNA sequencing and beyond Nanotechnology Small molecule screening New imaging modalities Emphasis on comprehensive approaches –All of the genes, all of the proteins, all of the common variations, all of the pathways for signal transduction, all of the patterns of gene expression, all of the steps in early development, all of the components of the immune system… Computational biology is critical Examples that are ripe for expanded effort –Cancer –Autism –Microbiome –Many more…. Opportunity 1: Using high throughput technologies to understand fundamental biology, and to uncover the causes of specific diseases

10 Opportunity #2: Translating basic science discoveries into new and better treatments Basic Research Drugs

11 Stage is set for NIH to play a greatly expanded role in translation –New discoveries about the fundamental basis of disease –Resources empowering academic investigators to develop lead compounds and “de-risk” projects –Opportunity for public-private partnerships Stem cells (including hESC and iPSC) –Explosion of new information likely with new NIH policy – 64 cell lines now approved for federal funding –Therapeutic uses still uncertain but urgent to pursue Small molecules –Roadmap provides high throughput screening (HTS) capabilities that now match that of many pharmaceutical companies –More on this theme later in the talk Opportunity #2: Translating basic science discoveries into new and better treatments

12 Opportunity #3: Putting science to work for the benefit of health care

13 Comparative effectiveness research Prevention and personalized medicine –Behavioral research Health disparities research Pharmacogenomics Large scale prospective studies –National Children’s Study –Study of adult onset diseases? Health IT Health research economics –Going beyond clinical trials to studying health care delivery in the real world? –What payment incentives actually work to reduce costs and improve outcomes?” Opportunity #3: Putting science to work for the benefit of health care