By: Paige Turpin TR 11:00-12:30

Different Types of Biographies: Biography Autobiography Memoirs Biographies can be: Individual Partial Complete Collective Fictionalized Authentic Contemporary Interpretive Biography in the Classroom: Helps readers develop their concepts of historical time Can see their lives in relation to those in the past Also supports studies in other content areas Can enliven social studies curriculum in conjunction with historical fiction & nonfiction

Arranged by Historical Periods The colonial Period & the American Revolution The Civil War Westward Expansion Immigration, WWI, & the Great Depression WWII The 1950s to Present Arranged by Type of Subject Political & Military Leaders Philosophers & Religious Leaders Scientist & Inventors Adventurers & Explorers Practitioners of the Arts Sports Heroes Extraordinary “Ordinary” People

Popular Formats of Realistic Fiction: Chapter Books in a series Novels in verse Graphic Novels Picturebooks, Short Stories, & Novels Distinctive Types of Realistic Fiction: Adventure & Survival Stories Animal Stories Mysteries & Thrillers Sports Stories Humorous Stories Themes in Realistic Fiction: Coming of Age Peer & Family Relationships Current Issues

Contemporary Realistic Fiction Provides: An opportunity to connect to children’s lives Opens new paths of communication between students and teachers Informs children with other cultures and communities

What is Fantasy/Science Fiction? Imaginative narratives that explores alternate realities; set in worlds that do not correspond to present realities. Writers of fantasy & science fictions often write about issues & ideas that are difficult to explore in realistic fiction for children. Such as the consequences of war, cruelty, enslavement, or greed. There are so many topics that can be explored. Science fiction differs from fantasy in that the future realities are based from science principles. Value of Fantasy & Science Fiction: 1.Opens doors to imagination 2.Opens doors to other types of literature 3.Science Fiction is a vehicle for change Types of Fantasy: Animal Fantasy Miniature Worlds or Other Worlds

Time Slips & magic Literary Lore Quest Tales or Hero’s Quest Types of Science Fiction: Mind Control Life in the Future Survival of Science Physical Survival Survival of Science Struggle of cultures Struggle of physical & emotional survival Fantasy/Science Fiction in the classroom: Provides flexibility & expansion of the imagination Pushes readers to consider thought-provoking issues

Patterns of Folklore: Conventions Motifs Recurring obvious element Magical objects, spells, curses, or wishes as the center of the plot Trickery or outwitting someone else Themes Types of Folklore: Mother Goose & Nursery Rhymes Folktales Types of Folktales: Cumulative Tales Pourquoi Talking Animals Noodlehead Tales Fairy Tales Tall Tales

Trickster Tales Variants of Folktales Fables Mythology Hero Tales; Epics & Legends Folk Songs Fractured Fairy Tales & Literary Folklore

What is Historical Fiction? Tells a story … imaginative stories grounded in facts from our past. Does not focus on facts, but uses them to re-create a time & place. Facts are thrown into a fictional story. Value of Historical Fiction: 1.Helps children discover their own place in the history of their family. 2.Helps them to discover their own place in history of their world. 3.Can give them a sense of historical importance of their own lives. 4.Make the past alive, real, and meaningful. 5.Gives children a sense of today’s issues: freedom, prejudice, self-knowledge, or social justice. 6.Strengthens their understanding of history. History can be studied in different ways: As a genre or by theme Chronological period According to topics in a social studies curriculum

Nonfiction describes books of information & fact. Informational books that are nonfiction present current knowledge and things, people, or events in our universe. How do you determine if a book is nonfiction? Does the book have an illustrator or photographer? Are acknowledgments included? Does the book have the words juvenile literature on the front? These types of books usually have a negative responses. Why? Not used for pleasure reading Children find this section in the library unrewarding Reputation of being boring

These books are used across the curriculum. Science Social Studies Math Language Art Orbis Pictus Award is given to outstanding nonfiction children’s books. The award is based on 4 different criteria: Accuracy Organization Design Style

Poetry can: Make us smile Create images Express feelings Stir emotions Promotes learning Uses only a few words to say a great deal It sings as it says Contains rhythm and repetition Has layers of meaning The natural language of childhood Categories of Poetry Books: Generalized Individualized Specialized Picture Book Poem Children like poetry they can understand easily!

Forms of Poetry: Narrative Ballads Verse Novels Lyrical Poetry Form Poetry: Shape Poetry Haiku Free Verse Elements of Poetry: Alliteration Assonance Onomatopoeia Consonance Rhyme Rhythm Personification Figurative Language Simile Metaphor

Children’s Literature Notes: Dr. Murphy Textbook: Literature and the Child by Lee Galda/Bernice E. Cullinan/Lawrence R. Sipe