P.V. PANEL WIND LOAD EFFECTS M ARCH 2011 Arman Hemmati, Brady Zaiser, Chaneel Park, Jeff Symons, Katie Olver Interim Review II TEAM 12

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Overview Refresh Wind Tunnel Experiment Progress CFD Progress 1

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Refresh 2 Ideal angle of inclination is 51° Too much weight for the roof? Wind Tunnel testing – Experimental Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) - Computational

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel – Where We Were Designed model in SolidWorks Talked to Mike Johnson ▫Increase the thickness of adjustable support rods ▫Panel to be made from MDF Machining to be done at faculty shop 3

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel – Building the Model 4 Work order submitted February 4 Started work on February 22 ▫½” MDF was unavailable  substituted ¾” Picked up on Friday February 25 Some problems with design ▫Filler on welded parts means that parts don’t fit together ▫MDF panel is heavier than expected  Need to do force analysis

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel – Budget Estimated cost of model ▫Materials:  ~$10 ▫Labour:  ~$25 ▫Total:  ~$35 This is the only planned cost for our project Extra costs may occur if something breaks or we do further tests 5

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel – Force Measurement 2 load cells measure lift force & pitching moment Drag plate measures drag ▫Old springs & strain gauge were not stiff enough ▫Rebuilt with load cell Using LabView program to capture data ▫3 data streams 6

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel – Wind Speed Measurement Wind speed affects drag/lift force by: F D or L = C D or L ∙ ½ ρv 2 A Cannot control speed in wind tunnel Need to measure wind speed Unable to capture digitally ▫Pressure too small for department’s pressure transducers ▫Hot wire anemometer fragile and expensive Manually read dynamic pressure ▫Source of error ▫Average not instant 7

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel – Testing Parameters Testing 3 parameters: ▫Wind direction ▫Panel angle ▫Panel height Wind direction ▫How does the force on the panel change depending on the wind direction?  Front, back ▫2 levels 8

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel – Testing Parameters Panel angle ▫How does the force on the panel change as the angle increases? ▫In Calgary the ideal angle is 51° ▫Testing at:  35°, 50°, 65° and 80° ▫4 levels 9

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel – Testing Parameters Panel height ▫How does the force on the panel change as the distance between the ground and the bottom of the panel increases? ▫Unable to use CFD for this ▫ Testing at:  0, 1”, 2”, …, 6” ▫7 levels 10

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel – Testing Procedure How many runs? ▫2∙4∙7 = 56 runs per replication ▫2 replications = 112 runs Randomize run order ▫Lots of set-up between runs How long will it take? ▫5 min/run + daily set-up ▫Estimate 15 hours  1 week 11

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC Wind Tunnel - Schedule Behind schedule ▫Hoped to test during reading week ▫Machining took longer than anticipated Next 5 weeks: ▫1 week testing ▫1 week analysing results ▫2 weeks further testing if necessary ▫1 week preparing report 12

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC CFD - Update Pressure Coefficient Initially, C P > 1.5 Now, C P < 1.1 ▫Biggest contributing factor: length of CV in front of panel 13

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC CFD - Verification Vertical Flat Plate Reference: “On the Flow of Air Behind an Inclined Flat Plate of Infinite Span” -Fage and Johansen,

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC 15

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC CFD – Initial Results 16

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC 17

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC CFD – Initial Results 18

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC CFD – Next Step Determine why pressure increases with finer mesh Overcome convergence problems Try different solution models 19

MARCH- 2011Design Review #4: DeLoPREC