Introduction to the course Dr. Hassan Sami Shaibah Department of Anatomy Midbrain@gmail.com

The third year course is divided into two major modules: 1-Head and Neck. Wagih Gamal Elbarrany & Dr.Hassan S Shaibah 2-Neuroanatomy. Dr.Jamal Abdeen & Dr.Hassan S Shaibah

Clinical Anatomy by Regions By Richard S Snell Gray's Anatomy for Students Richard L. Drake (Author), A. Wayne Vogl (Author), Adam W. M. Mitchell (Author)

Clinical Neuroanatomy by Richard S. Snell (Author)

Head and Neuroanatomy (THIEME Atlas of Anatomy) Atlas of Anatomy (Thieme Anatomy)

Grant's Dissector Eberhardt K. Sauerland (Author), Sauerland (Author)

Each group must have: 1- gloves 2-Labe coat 3-Dissection kit(scissors, scalpel surgical blades, forceps. 4- atlas and a dissector 5Group file

At the end of this lecture : What is the nervous system What the component of a neuron and its type The Division of nervous system Understand the difference between Spinal nerve and cranial nerve Gray matter and white matter diffrence reading Snell clinical Neuroanatomy (Page 2-14)

What are the 2 systems control the functions of the body? Nervous system Endocrine system

Nervous System stimulus and reaction environment animal organism Nervous system stimulus reaction sensory neuron Inter- neuron Motor neuron receptor effector

Nervous system

Functional unit of NS Neuron: 1- Neuronal Cell Body (Soma) 2- Neuronal Processes A- Axon B-Dendrites

Morphology of Typical Motor Neuron 1. nucleus 2. perikaryon 3. cell body 4. axon 5. dendrite 6. Nissl body 7. axon hillock 8. myelin sheath 9. oligodendrocyte 10. Schwann cell 11. skeletal muscle cell 12. neuromuscular junction

Different type of Sensory Info:

Myelin Sheath

Types of Neuron

Synapse

Division Of the NS Brain Spinal cord 31 pair Spinal nerve Central nervous system (CNS) Brain Spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 31 pair Spinal nerve 12 pair cranial nerve Ganglia Autonomic nervous system (ANS) -sympathetic -parasympathetic

Organization of CNS from inside White matter axons “nerve fibers” Gray matter cell bodies “soma”

Spinal cord

Brain

PNS

PNS 31 pairs Spinal nerve 12 cranial nerve Dorsal Root Ganglion “DRGs”

Cranial and spinal Nerves 12 pair of cranial nerves leave the brain through foramina in the skull 31 pairs of spinal nerves leaves through intervertbral foramina in the verterebral column 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

31 pairs of spinal Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System “ANS” Innervate involuntary structure e.g. heart, smooth muscles, glands. Composed of : Sympathetic NS emergency Parasympathetic NS restoring

Covering of Brain & spinal cord Both are covered by 3 meninges layer: Dura matter Arachnoid matter Pia matter

Brain

Spinal Cord

Beginning & end of spinal cord Begin at froman magnun as contnioution of medulla obblungate Terminate at lumbar region Flium terminal ends of pia

Spinal cord segemnt

Spinal nerve Composed of 2 roots: Anterior ( impulse from the CNS) efferent or motor. Originate from anterior horn Posterior (impulse To the CNS) afferent or sensory e.g. touch, pain, temperature cell bodies in DRGs

Anterior and posterior unite to form a spinal nerve exit in Intervertebral foramina( mixed nerve) Then emerge as anterior (large) and posterior rami (small). (mixed) Posterior back muscles and skin Anterior anterolateral body wall and limbs Anterior rami join to form plexus ( e.g. brachial)

Spinal nerve

Brain 1- Medulla Oblongata 2- Pons 3-Cerebellum Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain 1- Diencephalon (Dorsal Thalamus & Hypothalamus) 2- Cerebrum (2 Cerebral Hemisphere ) connected by fibers called Corpus Callosum

Cerebrum Diencephalon Midbrain Pons Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata

Ganglia is 2 types: 1-Sensory Swelling found on posterior root of each spinal nerve. ( Dorsal root ganglia) On the course of cranial nerve V,VII,VIII,IX, &X

Types of Ganglia 2- Autonomic Found along efferent nerve fibers.( e.g sympathetic chain, and ganglia within visceral walls)