University of California, Berkeley Nuclear Science Division, LBNL

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University of California, Berkeley Nuclear Science Division, LBNL The Berkeley Update: Atomic-Physics Tests of Fundamental Symmetries Parity Violation and Testing Bose Statistics Dmitry Budker University of California, Berkeley Nuclear Science Division, LBNL Cairns July 25, 2010 http://budker.berkeley.edu/

Outline Measurement of atomic in Yb Testing for Bose-statistics violation in Ba 2γ transitions

Atomic PV (a.k.a. PNC) landmarks 1959 Ya. B. Zel’dovich: PNC (Neutr. Current)  Opt. Rotation in atoms 1974 M.-A. & C. Bouchiat Z3 enhancement  PV observable in heavy atoms 1978-9 Novosibirsk, Berkeley discovery of PV in OR(Bi) and Stark-interf.(Tl) …1995 Boulder, Oxford, Seattle, Paris PV measured to 1-2% in Cs, Tl, Bi, Pb 1997 Boulder 0.35% measurement, discovery of anapole moment 26 years 2009 Berkeley Large APV in Yb (personal landmark)

What were we doing all this time? 1983-1988 Bi, diatomic molecules, Sm (Novosibirsk) with L. M. Barkov and M. Zolotorev 1989-1994 Tl (Berkeley) with E. D. Commins, D. DeMille, and M. Zolotorev 1989- Dy M. Zolotorev, D. DeMille, E. D. Commins, A.-T.Nguyen, A. Cingoz, N. Leefer 1995-1997 Sm S. M. Rochester 1995- Yb S. J. Freedman, D. DeMille, C. J. Bowers, G. Gwinner, J. E. Stalnaker, D. F. Kimball, V. V. Yashchuk, K. Tsigutkin, A. Family, D. Dounas-Frazer,…

Why did it take so long to detect PNC? Dr. A.-T. Nguyen says: it was deposited

Parity Violation in Yb: motivation Atomic Physics: Verification of large predicted atomic PV effect (x100 Cs; DeMille, Kozlov et al, Das et al) Nuclear Physics: Nuclear spin-dependent PV – anapole moments (valence neutrons) Isotopic ratios and neutron distributions (7 stable isotopes; N=8)

Anapole Moment of a current distribution (e.g., a nucleus) Ya. B. Zel’dovich T-conserving; P-violating

Atomic Yb: energy levels and transitions +5d6p PV amplitude: 10-9e·a0 DeMille (1995) |M1|10-4 μB J.E. Stalnaker, et al, PRA 66(3), 31403 (2002) β2·10-8 ea0/(V/cm) C.J. Bowers et al, PRA 59(5), 3513 (1999); J.E. Stalnaker et al, PRA 73, 043416 (2006)

Stark-PV-interference technique (invented by the Bouchiats in 1970s)

Electric and magnetic fields define handedness The Yb PV Experiment Electric and magnetic fields define handedness

Reversals and pseudo-reversals E-field reversal (14 ms: 70-Hz modulation) Lineshape scan (200 ms/point x 100 pts/lineshape = 40 s) B-field reversal (every few minutes) Polarization angle (occasionally) E-field magnitude B-field magnitude Angle magnitude

Yb PV Amplitude: Results z/b=39(4)stat.(5)syst. mV/cm  |z|=(8.7±1.4)×10-10 ea0 Accuracy is affected by HV-amplifier noise, fluctuations of stray fields, and laser drifts → improved for the next phase

Progress in Yb APV Completed Work Near Future… Further Ahead (?) Lifetime Measurements General Spectroscopy (hyperfine shifts, isotope shifts) dc Stark Shift Measurements Stark-Induced Amplitude (β): 2 independent measurements M1 Measurement (Stark-M1 interference) ac Stark Shift Measurements Verification of APV enhancement Near Future… Verification of expected isotopic dependence PV in odd isotopes: NSD PV, Anapole Moment PV in a string of isotopes; neutron distributions, … Further Ahead (?) Testing the Standard Model [Brown et al PHYSICAL REVIEW C 79, 035501 (2009)]

K. Tsigutkin A. Family D. Dounas-Frazer post-doc undergrad grad.student V. V. Yashchuk S. J. Freedman J. E. Stalnaker

2. The Ba 2γ experiment: Damon English

The degenerate two-photon transition selection rule S. N. Bose Destructive interference of two quantum paths

1999 DeMille 1

The Berkeley Experiment Point out what parts we have and tested: ie, the lasers, the source, the collimator. Animated version: YouTube: Test of Bose-Einstein statistics for photons

Results

Results

Splitting effect Mixing Effect

Outline Measurement of atomic in Yb Testing for Bose-statistics violation in Ba 2γ transitions

Yb PNC signature