Political & Economic Theory Unit 3 World History Hankins

Unit 3 Topics Political & Economic Theory Political & Economic Theory Essential Questions Essential Questions Explain the tradeoff between security and liberty. Explain the tradeoff between security and liberty. Compare and contrast capitalism and communism. Compare and contrast capitalism and communism. Compare and contrast totalitarianism versus democracy. Compare and contrast totalitarianism versus democracy. How did the Enlightenment change our views of human nature and religion? How did the Enlightenment change our views of human nature and religion? Explain the significance of the Magna Carta Explain the significance of the Magna Carta Unit Skill Unit Skill Graphic Organizers Graphic Organizers

Why Do We Have Government?

Brainstorm 5 Things That Government Does In Your Life 5 Things That Government Does In Your Life 5 Things You Don’t Like About Government 5 Things You Don’t Like About Government

Purpose of Government Initially; Provide Protection & Food Initially; Provide Protection & Food 8 Features of Civilization 8 Features of Civilization Over Course of Time Government Has Changed Its Purpose Over Course of Time Government Has Changed Its Purpose

Different Philosophies Everyone Has a Different Philosophy on How Government Works Everyone Has a Different Philosophy on How Government Works Some Believe Government Should Have MORE Impact on People’s Lives Some Believe Government Should Have MORE Impact on People’s Lives Some Believe Gov’t Should Have Little to No Effect Some Believe Gov’t Should Have Little to No Effect

The Enlightenment Time Where Many Shared Thoughts on How Gov’t Should Work Time Where Many Shared Thoughts on How Gov’t Should Work Idea That Using Reason Solves ALL Problems Idea That Using Reason Solves ALL Problems Social, Political, & Economic Problems Social, Political, & Economic Problems

Enlightenment Features Most Enlightenment Authors Wanted a Democratically Elected Gov’t Most Enlightenment Authors Wanted a Democratically Elected Gov’t Catholic Church Catholic Church Against Enlightenment Against Enlightenment “Enlightened Monarchs” “Enlightened Monarchs” Frederick & Catherine the Great Frederick & Catherine the Great

Graphic Organizers

Grpahic Organizers Help to Put Things Into Perspective Help to Put Things Into Perspective Many Different Ways Many Different Ways Compare & Contrast Compare & Contrast Organize Chronologically Organize Chronologically

Examples Venn Diagrams Venn Diagrams KWL Charts KWL Charts Timelines Timelines Concept Maps Concept Maps Cause & Effect Cause & Effect

Enlightenment Authors

Thomas Hobbes Wrote Leviathan Wrote Leviathan Only a POWERFUL Gov’t Can Provide Order Only a POWERFUL Gov’t Can Provide Order People are Naturally Cruel & Selfish People are Naturally Cruel & Selfish

John Locke Wrote Two Treaties of Government Wrote Two Treaties of Government All People Have NATURAL RIGHTS All People Have NATURAL RIGHTS Life Life Liberty Liberty Property Property OVERTHROW Bad Government OVERTHROW Bad Government

Montesquieu Wrote The Spirit of Laws Wrote The Spirit of Laws Divide Gov’t Into Executive, Judicial, & Legislative Divide Gov’t Into Executive, Judicial, & Legislative Helps Provides Checks & Balances Helps Provides Checks & Balances

Rousseau Wrote The Social Contract Wrote The Social Contract Believe People were Corrupted by SOCIETY Believe People were Corrupted by SOCIETY

Adam Smith Wrote The Wealth of Nations Wrote The Wealth of Nations Promoted a LAISSEZ FAIRE Economy Promoted a LAISSEZ FAIRE Economy Laissez Faire Laissez Faire Gov’t Doesn’t Interfere in Economy Gov’t Doesn’t Interfere in Economy

Name Book (Year?) 2 Beliefs How Are Beliefs Used Today (2) ThomasHobbes JohnLocke Montesquieu Rousseau Voltaire Adam Smith

Part IV Forms of Government

Monarchy System Where a Royal Family Rules a Country System Where a Royal Family Rules a Country Kings & Queens Kings & Queens Usually ABSOLUTISM Usually ABSOLUTISM Monarchs Have ABSOLUTE (All) Power Monarchs Have ABSOLUTE (All) Power

Oligarchy & Aristocracy System Where Only A Small Group of People Run Gov’t System Where Only A Small Group of People Run Gov’t Usually the Wealthy/Powerful or Military (South Africa) Usually the Wealthy/Powerful or Military (South Africa)

Theocracy Gov’t System Based Entirely On Religious Beliefs Gov’t System Based Entirely On Religious Beliefs Ex: Middle East, Vatican City Ex: Middle East, Vatican City

Democracy System Where the Citizens Have the Power to Make Decisions System Where the Citizens Have the Power to Make Decisions Direct Democracy (Greece) Direct Democracy (Greece) EVERY Citizen Votes on Decisions EVERY Citizen Votes on Decisions

Republic System Where Representatives of Citizens Make Decisions System Where Representatives of Citizens Make Decisions Roman Republic Roman Republic Started the SENATE Started the SENATE

Communism/Socialism System Where Gov’t Owns Everything & Citizens Only Do The Job That They Are Told System Where Gov’t Owns Everything & Citizens Only Do The Job That They Are Told Russia & China Russia & China

Activity Prepare a Skit or Presentation or Song/Rap/Poem Representing Your Government (6) Include Information About the Government, its purpose, and what countries it may exist in EVERYONE must have a role

TypeExampleProCon Monarchy Oligarchy/ Aristocracy Feudalism Democracy Republic Communism Theocracy Anarchism

Part III The Law

Hammurabi’s Code Civil & Criminal Laws Civil & Criminal Laws Hammurabi’s Code Hammurabi’s Code FIRST Codified LAWS FIRST Codified LAWS “To Bring Justice” “To Bring Justice” HARSH Laws HARSH Laws

Criminal Law & Civil Law

Greece & Rome Rome Rome Citizens Forced Laws to Be Posted Citizens Forced Laws to Be Posted Greece Greece Model for Law and Politics Model for Law and Politics First True Legislature (lawmakers) First True Legislature (lawmakers)

Tribunes Courts Formed by Plebeians to Try Crimes Courts Formed by Plebeians to Try Crimes People Innocent Until Proven Guilty People Innocent Until Proven Guilty

Magna Carta Document Limiting King John’s Power (in England) Document Limiting King John’s Power (in England) Protects Citizens Individual & Legal Rights Protects Citizens Individual & Legal Rights Limits Taxes Limits Taxes

Magna Carta Specifics Establish Due Process & Probable Cause Establish Due Process & Probable Cause No Taxation w/o Representation No Taxation w/o Representation Like Parliament Like Parliament

Part VI Economics

Economy System In Which a Country Handles & Deals w/ Trade System In Which a Country Handles & Deals w/ Trade Specifically, Money Specifically, Money Different In Every Country Different In Every Country

Traditional Economy Simple Economy Simple Economy Subsistence Farming Subsistence Farming Like Slavery on Farms Like Slavery on Farms Bartering Bartering Literally Trading Literally Trading

Market Economy Separate People and Business Spend and Trade Goods Separate People and Business Spend and Trade Goods Capitalism Capitalism Free Market Free Market Laissez-Faire Laissez-Faire Market Controls Itself (Invisible Hand) Market Controls Itself (Invisible Hand)

Command Economy Economy Where Gov’t Controls Everything Economy Where Gov’t Controls Everything Karl Marx Karl Marx Wrote Communist Manifesto Wrote Communist Manifesto Communism/Socialism Communism/Socialism

Mixed Economy Economy Using Aspects of Command & Market Economy United States How?

Other Aspects of Politics & Economy

Types of Economics Macroeconomics Study National or Global Affect of Economy Microeconomics Study Individual or Community Affect of Economy

Supply & Demand Price is affected by SUPPLY & what is the DEMAND for the Product How OUR Economy Changes is Based on What YOU Do

Supply & Demand Graph

Inflation Rise in the General Level of Prices Positive Brings Economy Into Balance Negative Decreases Value of Money

Feudalism Medieval Government Where Rivals Control & Rule a Small Part of Land Medieval Government Where Rivals Control & Rule a Small Part of Land Kings Provides Protection for Vassals/Peasants in Exchange for Working on Land Kings Provides Protection for Vassals/Peasants in Exchange for Working on Land Japan & Europe Japan & Europe

Important Legal Terms Due Process FAIR, Consistent Order From When a Criminal is Arrested to Their Trial Habeas Corpus Prevent Unlawful Detention