XML eXtensible Markup Language ©2010 Paula Schales

Overview History of markup Why XML? XML models RSS and XML sitemaps Where to learn more ©2010 Paula Schales

History SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) been around since the 1980’s SGML is feature-rich and complex Tim Berners-Lee created HTML from SGML 1997 HTML 4 published as a W3C Recommendation XHTML is transition from HTML 4 to XML and is based on XML ©2010 Paula Schales

XML ( eXtensible Markup Language) XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language XML is a markup language much like HTML XML was designed to carry data, not to display data XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags XML is designed to be self-descriptive XML is a W3C Recommendation ©2010 Paula Schales

How is XML used? To structure, store, and transport data XML sitemaps AJAX RSS and Atom SOAP – Simple Object Access Protocol used in web services WSDL – Web Services Description Language, defines services as collections of network endpoints, or ports RDF and OWL Office productivity tools like Microsoft Office and Apple’s iWork ©2010 Paula Schales

XML Rules 1.XML tag must start with an alphabetic character (a-z), or underscore(_), and the tags are case-sensitive 2.There may be one and only one root tag 3.XML tags must be closed 4.Inner nested tags must be closed before you close the outer nested tags 5.Attribute value must be enclosed by a pair of single or double quotes 6.Comments in XML are denoted by: 7.XML language has 5 built in entity references <>&&apos;" ©2010 Paula Schales

XML Data Any text placed within the tags are by default of type Parsed Character DATA (PCDATA) which is parsed by the XML parser CDATA may be placed within the tag and will NOT be parsed by the XML parser In addition to being well-formed, an XML document may be valid Validation may be against a DTD or a Schema ©2010 Paula Schales

XML Data Models 3 data models 1.Nested (elements only) 2.Empty (attributes only) 3.Mixed (elements and attributes) ©2010 Paula Schales

XML Nested Model Jane Doe Web Designer BA Fine Arts Start Web Design Company Must take Dreamweaver Jane Doe Web Designer BA Fine Arts Start Web Design Company Must take Dreamweaver ©2010 Paula Schales

XML Empty Model <general occupation=“Web Designer” education=“BA Fine Arts” goals=“Start Web Design Company” /> <general occupation=“Web Designer” education=“BA Fine Arts” goals=“Start Web Design Company” /> ©2010 Paula Schales

XML Sitemaps T00:00:00+00:00 daily T00:00:00+00:00 daily T00:00:00+00:00 daily T00:00:00+00:00 daily T00:00:00+00:00 daily T00:00:00+00:00 daily 0.5 ©2010 Paula Schales

RSS "Really Simple Syndication" but sometimes "Rich Site Summary” Used to publish frequently updated works—such as blog entries, news headlines, audio, and video—in a standardized XML format Called a "feed", "web feed", or "channel” RSS feeds can be read using software called an "RSS reader", "feed reader", or "aggregator” Subscribe to a feed by entering into the reader the feed's URI or by clicking an RSS icon in a browser that initiates the subscription process The RSS reader checks the user's subscribed feeds regularly for new work, downloads any updates that it finds, and provides a user interface to monitor and read the feeds ©2010 Paula Schales

RSS Structure Two major branches: 1.* based on RDF and uses RDF namespace 2.* used for podcasting and iTunes XML format consists of: – root element – channel element – item elements – one or more – channel and item elements have title, link, and description elements ©2010 Paula Schales

RSS 1.* based on RDF XML.com XML.com features a rich mix of information and services for the XML community. Processing Inclusions with XSLT Processing document inclusions with general XML tools can be problematic. This article proposes a way of preserving inclusion information through SAX-based processing. XML.com XML.com features a rich mix of information and services for the XML community. Processing Inclusions with XSLT Processing document inclusions with general XML tools can be problematic. This article proposes a way of preserving inclusion information through SAX-based processing. ©2010 Paula Schales

RSS 2.* Lift Off News Liftoff to Space Exploration. en-us Tue, 10 Jun :00:00 GMT Tue, 10 Jun :41:01 GMT Star City How do Americans get ready to work with Russians aboard the International Space Station? They take a crash course in culture, language and protocol at Russia's Star City. Tue, 03 Jun :39:21 GMT Lift Off News Liftoff to Space Exploration. en-us Tue, 10 Jun :00:00 GMT Tue, 10 Jun :41:01 GMT Star City How do Americans get ready to work with Russians aboard the International Space Station? They take a crash course in culture, language and protocol at Russia's Star City. Tue, 03 Jun :39:21 GMT ©2010 Paula Schales

Where to Learn More W3C – World Wide Web Consortium to develop web standards Oasis – Advancing open standards for the global information society W3 Schools Google sitemap tutorials Sitemaps.org ©2010 Paula Schales