Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures.

What we’ll cover… Compound Formulas Ions –Monatomic –Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds Other types of extended Structures

Compound Formulas Examples: NaCl CH 3 OH (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4

How many O atoms are in Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ?

How many total atoms are in Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ?

Three Types of Compounds Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent Ionic Alloys

Can you predict this? Ionic Compounds form from: Molecular Compounds form from:

Types of Formulas

IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.

IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals. Anions Formed by gaining electrons. Have a negative charge. Formed mainly from nonmetals.

Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms

Books closed: What is the charge on a Mg ion?

Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na + = sodium ion Mg 2+ = magnesium ion

Types of Formulas

IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.

IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals. Anions Formed by gaining electrons. Have a negative charge. Formed mainly from nonmetals.

Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms

Books closed: What is the charge on a Mg ion?

Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na + = sodium ion Mg 2+ = magnesium ion

Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na + = sodium ion Mg 2+ = magnesium ion Anions Name of element with –ide ending + “ion” Cl - = chloride ion O 2- = oxide ion

Polyatomic Ions you need to know

Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na + and Cl - make ________

Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na + and Cl - make NaCl Mg 2+ and Cl - make ________

Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na + and Cl - make NaCl Mg 2+ and Cl - make MgCl 2 NH 4 + and SO 4 2- make _________

What is the formula of the compound formed between Fe 3+ and Cl - ? 1.FeCl 2.FeCl 3 3.Fe 3 Cl

What is the formula of the compound formed between Fe 3+ and SO 4 2- ? 1.FeSO4 2.Fe(SO 4 ) 2 3.Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 4.Fe 3 (SO 4 ) 2

Naming Ionic Compounds Name = cation name + anion name Ex: NaCl = NH 4 Br =

Molecular Compounds Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound Ex: C + O S + O C + H

Aside on gas prices… Crude oil Propane Butane Jet Fuel Gasoline Diesel/Heating Longer molecules(asphalt/tar)

Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas

Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form between 2 elements

Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.

Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion. Use prefixes to indicate numbers: 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta

Network Solids Held together like a molecule Large and extended