Reminder: Eukaryotes have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts Copyright © 2004 by Pearson Education,

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Protists Diversity of Protists Protozoans Slime Molds Algae
Advertisements

Ch. 7 Protists.
19.1 Section Objectives – page 503
Protists Chapter  m Chapter 28 Protists. Introduction Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular (many colonial and multicellular forms) Exhibit more structural.
Fig a Green algae Amoebozoans Opisthokonts Alveolate s Stramenopiles Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Apicomplexan s Ciliates.
Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity.
Protists Chapter 28. In the beginning… van Leeuwenhoek when observing protozoa: –“no more pleasant site has met my eye than this” (1681) –“My excrement.
Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity.
Kingdom Protista.
Protists Chapter 28. Protists Eukaryotes Not plants, fungi or animals.
Protist.
Protists Chapter 28.
PROTISTS. KINGDOM PHYLUM GENUS FAMILY CLASS ORDER SPECIES DOMAIN.
KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity. Eukaryotic Tree.
Kingdom Protista Biology 11 S.Dosman.
Kingdom Protista Most diverse kingdom.
Kingdom Protista.
Starter Question  What is this?  Why is it important?  Why is this today’s question?  What is this?  Why is it important?  Why is this today’s question?
Primary Producers Plants and Plant-like Organisms.
Chapter 7 Protists. What is a Protist Diatoms are only one of the vast varieties of protists Protists are eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals,
“I strongly encourage you to never use the word “bore” or “boring”
Algae- Plant- like Protists Textbook 17.4 pp
Protists. Protists are the Most Diverse of all Eukaryotes Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi are classified as protists.
Kingdom Protista. Protist Characteristics 200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, and colors eukaryotes All are eukaryotes – have a nucleus and.
What do these things have in common? Mosquito Metal polish Insecticide Fine china Kitty litter Sushi Toothpaste Ice cream.
Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary Partnership between Educators and Researchers for Enhancing Classroom Teaching (GK-12 PERFECT)
Drop of Water  Protista is a paraphyletic clade in which protists can more closely be related to plants, fungi, and animals than other protists  Eukaryotic.
What Are Protists? Kingdom Protista “odds and ends”
By: Pablo J Fonseca *(with help and information from Google search engine and Campbell Reece AP biology textbook)
Domain Eukarya- The Protists `. Most taxonomists now recognize the domain as the largest taxon. The three taxa at the domain level are the Bacteria, Archaea,
Objective: Chapter 28- Protists. Overview: Living Small Even a low-power microscope can reveal a great variety of organisms in a drop of pond water Protist.
Chapter 28 The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity.
PROTISTS The “Little Guys”.
The weird, Wacky, wonderful world of… Kingdom Protista!
Kingdom Protista.
Chapter 28 Protists. Ancestors to modern protists, plants, animals and fungi. Oldest known are 2.1 billion years old (acritarchs). – Most DIVERSE eukaryotes.
Last day… - introduced the diversity and characteristics of ‘prokaryotes’ - not a monophyletic group, actually 2 whole domains (Bacteria & Archaea); includes.
I. Endosymbiosis A. Occurred in early eukaryotes Pelomyxa - lacks mitochondria.
1.The large plant-like organism in the picture is a giant kelp, a type of protist called a brown algae. What role does the kelp play in this ecosystem?
Kingdom Protista- Chapter 20
A who’s who of the Protista Kingdom. What are The five kingdoms? Monera PROTISTA Fungi Plantae Animalia.
The Origin of Eukaryotes 1. Internal membranes evolved from inward folds of the plasma membrane. 2. Endosymbiosis – chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved.
Kingdom Protista Chapter 20. General Characteristics of Protists: ALL Eukaryotes that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, or fungus. They have a.
Virus Quiz 1.Are Viruses living? Why or Why not. 2.Explain the 2 ways viruses reproduce. 3.Can viruses infect animals, plants and bacteria? 4.Draw and.
Protists. Characteristics Most diverse kingdom eukaryotic., 1.5 bya Primarily unicellular/multicellular, heterotrophic/autotrophic Usually asexual, some.
Eukaryotes w/modified mitochondria mitosomes & hydrogenosomes surrounded by 2 membranes no organelle DNA; genes in nucleus similar protein targeting to.
Plant-like Protists. All are autotrophic. Sometimes referred to as algae even though not all are algae 7 different phylums that we will look at.
3 large groupings of Protists -protozoans (animal like) -slime molds and water molds (fungi like) -algae (plant like) Members of a Kingdom that is under.
Protists By: Lauren Kelly, Katie Chicojay, Jessie Sandberg, and Kirsten Gronlund.
Protist Kingdom Chapter 19.
Chapter 28 Protists.
Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads Ex: Giardia lamblia Characteristics: Two nuclei Motisomes No ETC Anaerobic.
Chapter 28 - Protists. Important vocabulary pitfall.
The Protists Eukaryotes. Most unicellular. Most aerobic.
Supergroup Rhizaria Supergroup Rhizaria
Ch 20: Kingdom Protista Very diverse group Catch all - membership is determined mainly by exclusion from the other kingdoms.
Protists Chapter 28. What you need to know! Protista is no longer considered an independent kingdom. They are part of the Eukaryotes doman and are very.
Kingdom Protista. Very diverse and unique group of organisms. Unicellular and Eukaryotic. Some are autotrophic (photosynthesis), some are heterotrophic.
Chapter 21 PROTISTA. A. The Basal Eukaryotes Includes several distantly related groups; believed to be the earliest unicellular eukaryotes to diverge.
Protists and Fungi.
► Chapter 28~ The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity.
The Protista Kingdom Ajla Basic Joshua Edoimioya Chapter 28.
Kingdom Protista IN 253, 255.
I. Endosymbiosis A. Occurred in early eukaryotes
Kingdom Protista.
THE ORIGINS OF EUKARYOTIC DIVERSITY
Kingdom Fungi.
Kingdom Protista The Protists.
Chapter 24 Protists.
Presentation transcript:

Reminder: Eukaryotes have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts Copyright © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.

* Protista is an informal term to refer to the eukaryotes that do not belong in the Animalia, Plantae, or Fungi kingdoms * A very diverse group, some have traits similar to those of animals, while some are like plants and others are like fungi. And some are like all three! * Most are unicellular but some are multicellular (like some algaes) * Lack specialized tissues that would group them within the animal, plant, or fungi kingdoms * Example: algae lack the vascular tissues characteristic of the plants * Found everywhere there is water

Barton, et al., Evolution, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2007

Campbell, et al., Biology, Pearson, 2008

* Some have an ‘excavated’ groove on one side of the cell body * Excavates include protists with modified mitochondria and others with unique flagella * Three main groups: * Diplomonads * Parabasalids * Euglenozoans

* Lack plastids (organelle that makes chemical compounds) * Have mitosomes (reduced mitochondria) * Have two nuclei and multiple flagella * Most found in anaerobic environments * Many are parasites * Giardia intestinalis Campbell, et al., Biology, Pearson, 2008

* Also have reduced mitochondria called hydrogenosomes (hydrogen gas as a byproduct) * Also lack plastids * Most found in anaerobic environments * Trichonmonas vaginalis

* Very diverse group that includes heterotrpohs, photosynthetic autotrophs, and parasites * All have a spiral or crystalline rod inside the flagella (unknown function) Campbell, et al., Biology, Pearson, 2008

* Kinetoplastids * Single large mitochondrion containing an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast * Trypanosoma sp. The Parasite Museum, www.parasitemuseum.com

* Brain-Eating Amoebas!!! * Not really an Amoeba, it’s an Amoeba-flagellate * Naegleria fowleri * Lives in warm freshwaters but has also been found in soil and low-chlorinated pools * Invades the central nervous system via the nose where it does extensive damage * It then travels up nerve fibers into the brain where it begins to eat the brain piece by piece * Survival is less than 1% * : 121 deaths in U.S * 2007: 12 year-old boy and 22 year-old man die at Lake LBJ * 2010: 7 year-old boy dies near Glen Rose (10 th case in Texas since 2000) sters-inside-me-the-brain-eating- amoeba.html

* Euglenids * Have a pocket at one end of the cell from which two flagella emerge * Many are ‘mixotrophs’ in that they can swith from autotrophic to heterotrophic to adapt to changes in their environment * Euglena sp

* Large, extremely diverse group of protists * Includes some of the most important photosynthetic organisms on Earth as well as some very well known pathogens * Two main groups: * Alveolates * Stramenopiles

* Alveolates * Have membrane- bounded sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane (unknown function) * Includes three subgroups: * Dinoflagellates * Apicomplexans * Ciliates Mona Hoppenrath, http://tolweb.org

* Dinoflagellates * Cells reinforced by cellulose plates * Two flagella located in perpendicular grooves * Greek dinos= whirling * Abundant components of both marine and freshwater plankton Dave Hill,

* Dinoflagellates * Red tide: dinoflagellate bloom caused by high nutrients * Toxins produced by some have caused massive kills of invertebrates and fishes

* Dinoflagellates * Zooxanthellae * Live in a symbiotic relationship with organisms like coral * Photosynthetic autotrophs that provide the host with sugars Scott R. Santos, Auburn University

* Dinoflagellates * Zooxanthellae Eric Yao, 2011

* Apicomplexans * Nearly all are parasites * Most have intricate life cycles requiring two or more host species * Plasmodium sp. (malaria) The American Society for Clinical Investigation, 2011

* Ciliates * Large, varied group * Use cilia to move and feed * Have two types of nuclei: tiny micronuclei and large macronuclei * Usually reproduce asexually by binary fission * Very common in freshwater, some in saltwater * Paramecium sp. Power And Syred / Science Photo Library, 2011

* Stramenopiles * Group of marine algae * Characteristic flagellum has numerous fine, hairlike projections * Usually paired with a shorter, smooth flagellum * Four groups: * Diatoms * Golden algae * Brown algae * Oomycetes Power And Syred /

* Diatoms * Unicellular algae * Unique glass-like wall made of silica * Major component of freshwater and marine plankton * Massive accumulations of fossilized diatoms make diatomaceous earth Wikimedia commons, 2009

* Golden Algae * Golden because they have yellow and brown pigments * Most unicellular, some colonial * Typically biflagellated * Component of freshwater and marine plankton 2006 Olympus BioScapes Digital Imaging Competition,

* Brown Algae * Largest and most complex of the algae * Multicellular * Most marine * Common in cooler water * A ‘seaweed’ * Kombu used in japanese soups * Algin, substance from the cell wall, is used to thicken many processed foods: pudding, ice cream, salad dressing, etc.

* Brown Algae * Thallus:algae body that is plant-like * Stipe: like a stem but no vascular tissue * Holdfast: like roots but just an anchor * Blade:like leaves but without vascular tissues Campbell, et al., Biology, Pearson, 2008

* Oomycetes * Water molds * Used to be classified as fungi * Oomycete= ‘egg fungus’ * Many have filaments that resemble fungal hyphae * Cell walls made of cellulose * Decomposers or parasites

* Supergroup Rhizaria * Grouped based on molecular similarities not morphology (form and structures) * All have Pseudopodia: extensions that bulge from cell surface * Includes 3 groups: * Forams * Radiolarians * Chlorarachniophytes

* Foraminiferans (Forams) * Latin * foramen: little hole * Tests: porus shell made of calcium carbonate * Pseudopodia extend through the pores function in feeding, test formation, and feeding * Most photoautotrophic (symbiotic zooxanthellae) * Most are benthic but some planktonic