“The labor of some of the most respectable orders in society is like that of menial servants, unproductive of any value, and does not fix or realize itself in any vendible commodity which endures after that labor is past. In the same class must be ranked some both of the gravest and most important, and some of the most frivolous professions: churchmen, lawyers, physicians, men of letters, players, buffoons, musicians, opera- singers, and so on.” Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776.

“There are no such things as service industries. There are only industries whose service components are greater or lesser than those of other industries. Everybody is in service.” Theodore Levitt, “Production-line Approach to Service”, Harvard Business Review, Sept/Oct 1972.

James Teboul, Service is Front Stage, Palgrave MacMillan, 2006.