Who Were the First Americas? Tim Roufs University of Minnesota Duluth.

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Presentation transcript:

Who Were the First Americas? Tim Roufs University of Minnesota Duluth

Who Were the First Americas?

The classic explanation...

Main Routes of Migration through the New World

Miocene-Pliocene Routes of Animal Migrations

More recent explanations...

The latest announced discovery...

“Eva de Naharon”

Tulum

Any hypothesis/theory must account for... Cf., Text: Mexico, 2008, p. 20

Any hypothesis/theory must account for...

This coprolite, or fossilized chunk of feces, was found in Oregon's Paisley 5 Mile Point Caves. Scientists have dated the remains to 14,300 years ago—the oldest evidence yet found of humans in North America.

Other discoveries... theories... hypotheses...

The University of Michigan study, which analyzed genetic data from 29 Native American populations, suggests a Siberian origin is much more likely than a South Asian or Polynesian origin.

Major types of North American Paleo-Indian projectile points. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 386 ClovisFolsomPlanoDalton

10 th Ed., p. 330, Ch. 13 “At a Glance”

“pre-Clovis” 11, ,000 ybp

Misc...

Earliest Known Minnesotan

“The Minnesota Man” (who was really a woman) (and was renamed officially by the Minnesota Legislature as “Minnesota Minnie”)

A contemporary... “The Tepexpán Man” (who was also really a woman)

Tepexpán

Tequixquiac Penon Woman Tepexpan / St. Isabel Istapan Hueyatlaco Toloquilla

Tepexpán “Man”

Main Routes of Migration through the New World

The earliest known “art”?...

Coe and Koontz, Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs, 6th ed., 2008, p. 23 Tequixquiac

The "Sacro de Tequixquiac“ (Canino Bone), considered as the oldest artistic creation of the American continent, on display in the exhibition “America Migrante” (Migrant America) during the Universal Forum of Cultures Monterrey 2007, in Monterrey, Mexico, 06 October 2007

Tequixquiac Penon Woman Tepexpan / St. Isabel Istapan Hueyatlaco Toloquilla

What will the future past reveal?

2008

Coe and Koontz, Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs, 6th ed., 2008, p. 236