Innovations Today for the Renewable Energy Markets Of Tomorrow New Water Oxidation Catalysts and High Surface Area Transparent Electrodes Presented by: Brian Lamb Seeds of Innovation Presentation November 4 th, 2010 Inventors- Thomas J. Meyer, Zuofeng Chen, Javier Concepcion, Jonah Wesley Jurss, Joseph L. Templeton, Paul Hoertz

New Technology Meeting the Needs of the Marketplace 1.) Water Oxidation Catalysts Patented ruthenium and osmium complexes for high turnover splitting of water into its component parts 2.) NanoITO electrodes Nanoparticle-derived high surface area transparent electrodes

2H 2 O O 2 + 4H e- Half Reaction: Water splitting Development New Ruthenium/Osmium-based catalysts for splitting water Definition Catalysts are reagents that enable chemical reactions to occur that otherwise would not (or much more slowly) in the absence of catalyst. New Technology to Meet the Demands of the Renewable Energy Market Water Oxidation Catalysts

New Technology to Meet the Demands of the Renewable Energy Market Water Oxidation Catalysts Key Differentiators  Water is a near infinite source of electrons for producing hydrogen, methane  Robust behavior, faster turnovers, higher current and energy efficiency  Catalyzes reaction in a wide pH range  Also useful for water treatment devices and microgeneration of oxygen in medical devices.

Layered conductive ITO nanoparticles Flat or flexible transparent surface Ideal electrode for photovoltaic devices or electrochomic displays- optically transparent, high surface area New Technology to Meet the Demands of the Renewable Energy Market NanoITO

New Technology to Meet the Demands of the Renewable Energy Market NanoITO Key Differentiators  Higher loading efficiencies (10,000x) of catalysts or other electrochemical species  Useful as electrochromic materials or flat-panel displays for greater color contrast  High surface area and optically transparent: ideal for incorporation into photovoltaic devices

Market Applications for New Technology in Renewable Energy Acquisition Storage Energy Conversion Consumption The world’s ability to harness renewable resources depends heavily on technology to efficiently capture the energy, Energy must be stored in a readily accessible form such as batteries, fuels

H2OH2O 2H 2 O 2 + 4H + + 4e - Hydrogen Reduction Potential Market- Energy Storage for Solar Fuels Hydrogen powered devices Reducing costs of electrolysis will drive fuel production markets

Current State of Technology Fast turnovers (~0.027/s) on NanoITO Energy efficient water oxidation occurs at 1.75V Very high current efficiency Tolerates a wide pH range Catalyst is fast and simply immobilized to electrode surfaces

Conclusions and Expected Future Developments Additional applications for the water oxidation catalyst are being investigated  Catalytic cycle for acquiring solar energy  Multiple-metal complex catalysis NanoITO will be further tested in photovoltaics Technologies will be able to address the needs of the energy market, current revenues of $700 million/day Thank you!