Spat, Spite and Spit: Interparental Conflict, Child Adjustment and the Role of Children’s Physiological Stress-System Activity Patricia Pendry Washington.

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Presentation transcript:

Spat, Spite and Spit: Interparental Conflict, Child Adjustment and the Role of Children’s Physiological Stress-System Activity Patricia Pendry Washington State University, Human Development

Everything you have always wanted to know about spite and spit but were afraid to ask…. aka …

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004 Introduction BA Psychology Ph.D. Human Development and Social Policy Infancy and Early Childhood Biobehavioral Approach towards Family Life, Child Stress and Development

Research focus: Interparental Discord and Child Development

Background: What do we know? Child Development Interparental Conflict Associations between Interparental Conflict and Child Adjustment across Developmental Domains (Buehler et.al., 1997; Grych & Fincham, 2001)

What don’t we know? ? Child Development Interparental Conflict

Theoretical Perspective HPA axis Activity Child Development Interparental Conflict

HPA - Axis: Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal Marker of HPA axis activity: Cortisol

Cortisol is present in Saliva

Why do we care about cortisol?  HPA axis is sensitive to social stressors and supports  IPC is stressor  Affects a wide variety of physiological systems  Implications for short-term functioning and long-term outcomes  Measurable non-invasively and reliably in naturalistic settings

Time Cortisol Time Organization of the HPA-Axis: Circadian Release of Cortisol

HPA activity in response to stressor

Time Cortisol Time Organization of the HPA-Axis: Momentary Reactivity to Stressor

Time Cortisol Time Frequent/Chronic Activation: Dysregulation

Time Cortisol Time Wake-up, Bedtime - Slope - AUC Individual Differences in Basal Functioning -CRT -CRTA

Child Cortisol Marital Functioning Pendry, P. & Adam, E.K. (2007). Associations between Parents’ Marital Functioning, Maternal Parenting Quality, Maternal Emotion and Child Cortisol Levels. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31 (3), 218–231. Prior work

Study 1 Results:  Do children living in homes with better marital functioning have lower average levels of cortisol than children living in homes with worse marital functioning?  Yes!

Parent Marital Functioning and Diurnal Cortisol Slopes of Kindergartners

Child Development Physiological Stress-Activity Interparental Conflict Negative Emotionality Current Study: Family Life and Stress Study

Participants and Procedures  2-parent families  Child between 3-7 years  In-Home by parents  Part I:  Surveys from both parents  8 samples of child saliva  Part II, months later:  Surveys from both parents  8 samples of child saliva  75$ for Part, 75$ for Part II  Part III Labvisit

Method: Salivary Cortisol Sampling LickDipTasteSwoosh Spit in vial or cupClose …. Tightly!

Great job … YOU get a sticker!

Sampling times  2 consecutive weekdays  8 samples in the home  Sampling times:  Wake-up  30 minutes after  3.30 afternoon  Bedtime

Measures  Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2; Straus & Hamby, 1996)  Negotiation  Psychological aggression  Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1976)  Parental Involvement  Depressive Symptomatology in last 2 weeks (IDD)  Child Behavior (CBCL) and Social Competence  Child Temperament Questionnaire (CBQ)  Negative Emotionality (e.g., anger frustration, sadness)

Family Life and Stress Study: Research Question  Do children living in higher conflict homes have higher average levels of cortisol production than children living in lower conflict homes, and is this association moderated by children’s levels of negative emotionality?

Preliminary Results: Interparental Conflict and Children’s Average Cortisol Levels

Interparental Conflict on Diurnal Cortisol Slopes of High NE Children

Interparental Conflict and Diurnal Cortisol Slopes of Low NE Children

Child Development Physiological Stress-Activity Interparental Conflict Negative Emotionality Current Study: Family Life and Stress Study

Data Collection is ongoing!  We need more families  Flyer  Call 

Questions?

THANK YOU!