Medical Imaging Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

2 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Nuclear Medicine

3 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Difference with electro-magnetic modalities Function vs Density

4 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity Bohr’s atomic model

5 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood

6 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity Isotopes

7 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity 1. α decay 2. β - decay 3. β + decay

8 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood N Z Radioactivity 4. Electron capture 5. γ emission

9 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood

10 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Radioactivity Law of radioactive decay Law of attenuation

11 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Gamma Scintigraphy

12 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Scintigraphy gamma emitters 99 Mo → 99m Tc + β ⁻ + ν e 99m Tc → 99 Tc + γ

13 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Gamma camera principle of anger camera

14 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Photomultiplier tube

15 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)

16 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera

17 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera Multiple angles 3-6 degrees ca sec per angle

18 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera Projection sinogram

19 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood SPECT camera Pinhole SPECT

20 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

21 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood β + -decay Positron (e + ) Neutrino (ν) Electron (e - ) Annihilation p → n + e + + e + + e - → 2 E γ = 511 keV Angle = 180°

22 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood Coincidence Unit Sorting Unit Image Reconstruction PET Image Detectors Decay Millions of events are detected during few minutes of PET scan

23 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Projection sinogram

24 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Sinogram

25 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Positron range

26 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Non-colinearity

27 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Arc correction

28 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Geometric sensitivity is inhomogeneous

29 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Crystal efficiency normalization

30 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Random and Scatter

31 Medical Imaging, SS-2010 Mohammad Dawood PET Scatter