Classical Approaches to Organizational Communication John Orman Comm 168

The Machine Metaphor Organizations functioned much like a machine 3 Aspects: Specialization Standardization or Replaceability Predictability

Specialization Every part has a specific function

Standardization Parts in one machine, are the same as those in a similar machine

Predictability Rules govern the way a machine is built When broken, only a finite number of solutions Should always be fixable

Fayol’s Theory of Classical Management Elements (5) Planning Organizing Command Coordination Control

Classical Management Scalar Chain – Strict vertical hierarchy Unity of Command – Receive orders from only one supervisor Unity of Direction – Similar goals for single supervisor Division of Labor – Limited tasks for employees Order – Appointed place for each employee Span of Control – Limited power for managers

Relationships in Organizations Organizational Power Organizational Reward Organizational Attitude

Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy Function of Authority Traditional – based on long standing beliefs

Function of Authority Charismatic Authority – power based on personality and ability to attract and interact with followers

Functions of Authority Rational-Legal Authority – based on rules developed through a reliance on information and expertise Every leader has power made legitimate by the system of rational norms

Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management One best way to do every job Proper selection of workers for the job Importance of training workers

Classical Management in Modern Organizations Each modern system has classic values