Vertical Air Motion. Air Parcels Ascend/Descend Adiabatically Expansional CoolingCompressional heating.

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Presentation transcript:

Vertical Air Motion

Air Parcels Ascend/Descend Adiabatically Expansional CoolingCompressional heating

Air parcel’s temperature changes according to the lapse rate Dry adiabatic lapse rate if it is unsaturated – 9.8  C/km (5.5  F/km) Wet adiabatic lapse rate if it is saturated – 6.0  C/km (3.3  F/km) Unsaturated air can become saturated as it cools because relative humidity increases

Atmospheric Stability Actual temperature profile (measured by sondings) of atmosphere may be different from these lapse rates Due to: – Radiational heating and cooling – Air mass advection – Large scale ascent or descent or air Difference between actual temperature profile and lapse rates determines stability

Stable Air Dry adiabat

Unstable Air Dry adiabat

Stability Regimes

Causes of Lifting Ascending branch of convection current Warm or cold fronts Topographical feature (orographic) Surface wind convergence

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