Global Social Policy II 101108 Birgitta Jansson

World Health Organisation Created 1948 WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters shaping the health research agenda setting norms and standards articulating evidence-based policy options providing technical support to countries monitoring and assessing health trends. http://www.who.int/en/

UNESCO United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organisation - established 1945 World Declaration on Education for All (EFA) 1990 Six goals: Expanding comprehensive early childhood education Ensuring access to free compulsory primary education by 2015 Ensuring the meeting of the learning needs of young people and adults

Increasing external financial assistance Improving donor co-ordination Achieving a 50 per cent improvement in levels of adult literacy by 2015 Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2015 Improving all aspects of the quality of education Increasing external financial assistance Improving donor co-ordination Ensuring earlier debt relief

UNDP Main issue: Poverty elimination 1996 Poverty Strategies Initiative (PSI) Prime responsibility for the MDG In 1995 Social Summit concluded with the commitments: the Millennium Development Goals

Millennium Development Goals Goal 1 – eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Target 1 – Halve, between 1990 and 2015 the population of people whose income is less than one dollar a day (1,25 dollar) Goal 2 – Achieve universal primary education   Goal 3 – Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4 – Reduce child mortality

Goal 5 – Improve maternal health Goal 6 – Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7 – Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8 – develop a global partnership for development Also World Bank, IMF, the OECD and others are involved.

Human Development Reports Produced since 1990 From fundamentalist liberalism towards some kind of socially oriented adjustment and development policies. Human, not economic, development! Children's rights

Non-state actors Global think tanks Global development network GDN Independent, or private policy research organisations Independent? Global development network GDN World Bank directly involved Global networks of feminist scholars Mainstreaming gender issues

International Consulting Companies (ICC) Transnational companies (TNC) Advocate privatising policy Transnational companies (TNC) State provision is justified only when it contribute directly to economic growth Favours reducing expenditures and taxation Prefers taxation on workers Horizontal redistribution across lifetime Not vertical – from richer to poorer

TNC claims to be socially responsible Corporate social responsibility Development by Do business that obeys the law, produces safe and cost effective products and services, creates jobs and wealth, supports training and technology cooperation reflects international standards and values in areas such as the environment, ethics, labour and human rights.

Global social movements Old – trade unions New – women's movement, indigenous people's, student's Trade unions Northern workers' interests Preventing jobs to disappear World Social Forum Includes Southern trade unions and social movements

Global women's movement Women as worker too Policy change: Engendering macroeconomics Sexual and reproductive rights Human rights – especially violence against women Ethnic and religious-based claims Minorities rights To speak, reclaiming access to resources

Global redistribution? Aid UN target 0.7 per cent of GDP Most aid to middle-income countries Very little aid spent on basic service like education and health Tied aid Huge debts – could not pay back How to tackle?

Debt relief Finance Cancelling debts Untie aid More money is needed Global environmental taxes Tax on currency flows International finance facility

Global public goods Global funds Health? The Global fund to fight AIDS, TB and Malaria The global alliance for vaccination and immunisation Education for all But flow from south to north – professions

Global regulation? Global labour standards Voluntary codes Code of conduct Child labour Global tax regulation Tax competition Reduce tax rates and special tax-free zones Harmful

Global social rights? Women – men, members of ethnic or other minorities Code of global best social practise? Implementation? From neo-liberalism to more social democratic? Time-spirit?

Governance Need for reform Radical liberal right Wish to see the influence of UN and WB reduced Radical left and Radical south Abolition of the Bretton Woods organisations Strengthen UN as the main agent of global social governance

Global labour migration UN Strengthening its role Reforming WB and WTO Global labour migration