AN OUTLINE OF HISTORYAN OUTLINE OF HISTORY From the point of view of science, religion, and philosophyFrom the point of view of science, religion, and philosophy
PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERSPRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS Roughly BCE Known only in fragments Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Zeno Pythagoras of Samos ( BCE)
THE GOLDEN AGE OF GREECETHE GOLDEN AGE OF GREECE Socrates ( BCE) Plato ( BCE) Aristotle ( BCE)
THE COLLAPSE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE BEGINNING OF THE DARK AGES Ptolemy ( ) Greek astronomer and mathematician Augustine of Hippo ( BCE) Perhaps the most influential thinker in the history of the Roman Catholic Church
THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES AND THE BEGINNING OF THE RENAISSANCE Rediscovery of the classics Dante ( ) – the “Sweet New Style” Aquinas ( ) – the “Angelic Doctor” The great cathedrals were begun.
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONTHE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Galileo ( ) Isaac Newton ( )
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENTTHE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT Roughly coincident with the 18 th century New emphasis on reason, freedom, and democracy. Questioning the authority of the church David Hume ( ) Immanuel Kant ( ) James Hutton ( ) The father of modern geology. “No vestige of a beginning; no prospect of an end.”
THE 19 TH CENTURYTHE 19 TH CENTURY Charles Darwin ( )
THE 20 TH CENTURYTHE 20 TH CENTURY Modern Physics – Quantum Mechanics – Cosmology – Chaos Biology – the Darwinian synthesis The rise of American fundamentalism