cell (letter-number) Column (letters) Row (numbers) workbook = collection of worksheets

 Label – identification for people  Constant – any format › Text, number, picture, hyperlink, … › Value for computer › Format for people  Formula – uses cells & constants › Always begin with =

 =cell  Why do you use it?  Fundamental Principle: › Never have to change anything in two places › Sound familiar?  Copy-paste › Fine if you really want a snapshot

 Once you define the formula › Can change the values as often as you like › Automatically re-computes  Treats cells as variables › Defined by location, not value › Each cell constant or another formula  Example › Pay = hourly rate * hours worked  Values can change  Formula remains the same

 Use constants when they will not change  Values that won’t change: › Computing the area of a circle  Π r 2 › Computing the area of a triangle  ½ base*height  What about… › Minutes in an hour › Days in the year

 Operations › Simple math operators › Functions  Values › Constants › Cell selection  Typing  Selecting  Cells must have appropriate values › e.g., not text for math function

 Want to compute 250x²-10y² √ 100 (5x-y) for any x and y _______

 Numbers  Dates  Boolean (true or false)  Strings  [error values]  Single values  Arrays  Tables

 Statistical and mathematical › sum, average › minimum, maximum › floor, ceiling, round  Selective › counts › if  Formatting

 Want the same information for different data › Example: min, max, avg grades for each assignment  Can use copy or fill  Copying a formula moves it relatively

 Absolute positioning › Can lock the cell, column or row  Cell: $A$1  Column: $A1  Row: A$1 › To change a reference to absolute  Insert $  Use F4

 Start with A1 hourly rate B2:B8 date C2:C8hours worked  You are to add D2:D8day’s pay  Only want to type the formula ONCE

 Why? › Separate input data › Presentation › Summarization › Versions  How to reference between › Sheet!Cell  To go between workbooks › ‘[workbook]worksheet’!cell

 From prior exercise Move hourly rate to another sheet

 General structure › Data on one page › Computations on another  Easy to change the data

 Continuous cells (RANGE) › Colon (:) › Drag cursor  Combining (UNION) › Comma (,)

 Under Formulas tab, › Name Manager: Define Name  Some default options › If the row or column has a label, will use it  Can collect non-adjacent  Absolute addresses

 Constants  Single Cells  Formulas

 Human readability  Convenience if the section size changes

SymbolOperatorOrder of Precedence Colon (:)Range1st A spaceIntersection2nd Comma (,)Union3rd -Negation4th %Percent5th ^Exponentiation6th * and / Multiplication and division 7th + and - Addition and subtraction 8th &Text concatenation9th =,, =, and <>Comparison10th

 Lots of them!  Explore!  Wizards

 Option 1 › Separate entries and hide fields › Hide columns or use separate spreadsheets  Option 2 › Build them up in pieces › Use parentheses if you can’t remember precedence  Option1, followed by option 2