Understanding what it means to be PIC Some ways to teach it

What does Pilot In Command mean?  From the Federal Aviation Regulations:  Part 91.3a “The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft.”

Mysterious Stupid Ticket Book

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

Decisions  D etect that a change has occurred  E stimate the need to respond to the change  C hoose the (new) desired outcome  I dentify the steps to achieve that outcome  D o the steps  E valuate the effectiveness of the steps

FAA Hazardous Attitudes 15

Technical Proficiency 1. Applies knowledge of standards, procedures, and regulations 2. Demonstrates technical skills 3. Applies knowledge of systems, limitations, and performance Team Management 4. Establishes a clear understanding of roles, responsibilities, and expectations 5. Encourages and considers crew member input 6. Recognizes and manages conflicts 7. Adapts to crew personal differences 8. Performs crew debriefs Workload Management 9. Recognizes and manages externally or self imposed time constraints 10. Prioritizes tasks to prevent interference with primary duties 11. Delegates tasks to avoid overload 12. Selects the appropriate level of automation to reduce workload Situational Awareness Management 13. Establishes a shared understanding of status, goals, and plans 14. Seeks, evaluates, and utilizes available resources 15. Independently monitors and verifies equipment and crew member performance 16. Challenges faulty decisions, actions, or inaction of another crew member 17. Recognizes and resists distractions and lapses into inattention 18. Recognizes and manages the impact of stress and fatigue on performance Decision Making and Planning 19. Establishes, communicates, and maintains “bottom lines” with backup plans 20. Assesses risks to prepare for expected or contingency situations 21. Considers personal and operational biases which may influence decision quality 22. Modifies decisions when operationally warranted 23. Acts decisively when the situation dictates

Crew Effectiveness Skills  Technical Proficiency  Team Management  Workload Management  Situational Awareness Management  Decision Making and Planning

Pieces of an effective crewmember

Three Domains of Learning  Cognitive  Ability to recall, analyze and problem solve  Psychomotor  Physical skills  Affective  Emotions, attitudes

Pieces of an effective crewmember Mostly Cognitive and Psychomotor Some Cognitive, but a lot of Affective

Reaching for the Affective Domain  Experiences of Other Pilots, Including Me  Service Learning  Good Literature  Written Response Papers  Accident Analysis  Talk About TAKING Responsibility

Get Personal  Include Myself  I try to be authentic with my students  I’m honest about mistakes I’ve made  Ask Them To Include Themselves  They can relate to and internalize assignments better this way

Hazardous Attitude Alert ThoughtsAntidotes Anti-authority  “The rules don’t apply to this situation.”  “Following the rules is just going to be more dangerous at this point.”  “This is supposed to be fun.”  “If I have to think about breaking the rules, I’ve probably let things get out of hand already.”

Things I’m Telling Myself and offering to you  I will make an effort to get personal with my students and make this fun for myself and them.  I’m going to look for opportunities in every student interaction to encourage them to take responsibility

They’re going to be here next Monday.

Who is Pilot In Command?