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Systems Requirement Review Presentation Joe Appel Todd Beeby Julie Douglas Konrad Habina Katie Irgens Jon Linsenmann David Lynch Dustin Truesdell 2

Overview Mission Statement Market, Customers, & Competitors Design Mission Design Requirements New Technologies Sizing Code Summary & Next Steps 3

Mission Statement Design an Environmentally Responsible Aircraft (ERA) that lowers noise, minimizes emissions, and reduces fuel burn Utilize new technology to develop a competitive medium-size aircraft that meets the demands of transportation for continental market Deliver a business plan focusing on capitalizing on growing markets Submit final design to NASA ERA College Student Challenge 4

NASA ERA College Student Challenge 5 1 NASA ERA Goals Large twin aisle reference configuration = Boeing LR

Market Growth in twin aisle market – Fastest growing market segment (4.4% annually) – Airplane seat count upgauging 6 2 Boeing Market Outlook

Market Geographic Regions: – Asia Pacific – US Domestic – Europe 7 2 Boeing Market Outlook 3 Airbus Market Forecast

Market Geographic Regions: – Asia Pacific – US Domestic 8 3 Airbus Market Forecast

Customers Low cost carriers – Point to point model – Shorter distance, larger passenger capacity Examples – SpiceJet, Spring Airlines, JetBlue, EasyJet 9 4 Point to Point: Asia Pacific

Competitors Designing an airplane with similar capabilities as the Boeing Competitors – Other aircraft (A , A320NEO, 757, 737) – High speed rail for short distances 10 3 Airbus Market Forecast High Speed Rail

City Pairs Tokyo to Mumbai is 3700 nmi 7 Geographical Map of Asia 11

Runway Lengths 12 AirportRunway Length (ft) Beijing Capital International Airport12,468 Haneda9,843 Hong Kong International Airport12,467 Suvarnabhumi Airport13,123 Singapore Changi13,123 Guangzhou Baiyun International Aiport12,467 Narita International Aiport13,123 Soekarno-Hatta International Airport12,007 Incheon International Airport13,123 Shanghai Pudong International Airport13,123 Kuala Lumpur International Airport13,530 Mumbai International Airport11,302 Delhi International Airport14,534 Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport11,154 Ninoy Aquina International Airport12,261 Taipeo Taoyuan International Airport12,008 Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport11,155 Chengdu Shuangliu11,811 Kunming Wujiaba11,155 Kansai International13,123 Gimpo International11,811 Hangzhou Xiaoshan11,811 Jeju International9843 Ho Chi Minh International12,468 Shortest Runway: 9843 feet

Design Mission Tokyo - Mumbai ’5’ 8 9 Taxi & takeoff Climb Cruise Climb No range descent Loiter (30 min) Land Climb No range descent Land Attempt to Land Loiter (30 min) 6800 ftRange: 3700 nmi4950 ftFuel Reserves ft 13

Design Requirements Market Driven Requirements – Similar two class configuration seating capacity to Boeing [200 pax.] Boeing ER [177 pax.] Airbus A321NEO [185 pax.] 8 Boeing ER 3 Airbus Market Forecast 14

Design Requirements Improved Specifications (compared to Boeing ) Extended Range to 4000 nmi Improved Cruise Efficiency Increased Payload, Takeoff Weight, and Landing Weight 6 Boeing

Design Requirements ERA driven requirements (compared to Boeing LR) – 75 % cut in emissions – 42 dB reduction in noise – 50% reduction in fuel burn – 50% reduction in field length Summarized in Compliance Matrix 16

Design Requirements Compliance Matrix 17

New Technologies Noise reduction: – Chevron Nozzles, Variable Nozzles, Scarf Inlet Active Noise Control, Forward Swept Fans, Swept/Leaned Stators, Soft Vanes, Over-the-Rotor Metal Foam Geared turbofan (GTF): – Ultra high bypass ratio engines to reduce fuel consumption, reduce engine maintenance, and reduce noise by up to 10 dB Scarf Inlet 9 Chevron Nozzles 11 Geared Turbofan

Example Fuel Savings New Technology Fuel Savings

Sizing Code Chart noyes Geometry (eg S, b, etc.) Empty Weight Prediction (W e ) Set W φ = (W φ ) calc Description of Aircraft Fuel Weight Prediction (W fuel ) Calculated Gross Weight (W φ ) calc Performance, Costs, Enviro Impacts 20 W φ = (W φ ) calc

Sizing Code 21

Sizing Code Calibration: Boeing Passengers: 200 Range: 2655 nmi Cruise Mach Number: 0.8 Max Take-off Weight (MTOW): lb Operating Weight Empty (OWE): lb Fuel Weight: lb 13 Boeing

Sizing Code ParameterValueUnitsError W 0 (MTOW) lb 0.54% W e (MEW) lb -3.37% WfWf lb 7.43% 23

Sizing Code Early Aircraft Predictions: Used sizing code (similar aircraft) Adjusted range, MTOW, thrust, Mach #, passengers Based on “threshold” values from compliance matrix ParameterValueUnitsChange W 0 (MTOW) lb+0.91% W e (MEW) lb-0.24% WfWf lb+1.55% 24

Sizing Code Next: Convert entirely to MATLAB Same output as with Excel Implement the next level of complexity Component weights Aerodynamics (drag breakdown) Propulsion (thrust, fuel consumption) Future technology factors 25

Summary & Next Steps Summary – Mission statement – Market & Customers – Design Mission – Design Requirements – New Technologies – Sizing Code Next Steps – In depth analysis of technologies (cost and benefits) – Increase complexity and accuracy of sizing code – Formulate customer, regulatory and design requirements and begin preliminary aircraft performance analysis. 26

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References “Current Market Outlook ,” Boeing Commercial Airplanes Market Analysis, Seattle, WA, Nov Leahy, John. “Airbus Global Market Forecast ,” Airbus. Toulouse, Dec speed_rail_network.png 6. up-another-big-plane/ 7. “Geographical Map of Asia,” Sep [ l. Accessed 1/22/11.] 28

References 8. Tinseth, Randy, “Sharks and Jets,” Boeing Commercial Airlines, Seattle WA, August [ html. Accessed 1/22/11.] 9. fm forums/general_aviation/print.main?id= Nickol, C. L. (2007). Hybrid Wing Body Configuration System Studies