 Absolute positioning › Can lock the cell, column or row  Cell: $A$1  Column: $A1  Row: A$1 › To change a reference to absolute  Insert $  Use F4

 Start with A1 hourly rate B2:B8 date C2:C8hours worked  You are to add D2:D8day’s pay  Only want to type the formula ONCE

 Why? › Separate input data › Presentation › Summarization › Versions  How to reference between › Sheet!Cell  To go between workbooks › ‘[workbook]worksheet’!cell

 From prior exercise Move hourly rate to another sheet

 General structure › Data on one page › Computations on another  Easy to change the data

 Continuous cells (RANGE) › Colon (:) › Drag cursor  Combining (UNION) › Comma (,)

 Under Formulas tab, › Name Manager: Define Name  Some default options › If the row or column has a label, will use it  Can collect non-adjacent  Absolute addresses

 Constants  Single Cells  Formulas

 Human readability  Convenience if the section size changes

SymbolOperatorOrder of Precedence Colon (:)Range1st A spaceIntersection2nd Comma (,)Union3rd -Negation4th %Percent5th ^Exponentiation6th * and / Multiplication and division 7th + and - Addition and subtraction 8th &Text concatenation9th =,, =, and <>Comparison10th

 Area of  Area of white – area of blue (all changeable)

 Option 1 › Separate entries and hide fields › Hide columns or use separate spreadsheets  Option 2 › Build them up in pieces › Use parentheses if you can’t remember precedence  Option1, followed by option 2