Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I

... or how to make sense out of Ch. 12 of the text...

Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types Tools and Technologies I

Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler

lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler Tools and Technologies

range of variation statistical averages “fossil” “osteodontokeratic” the “Three Great Ages of Prehistoric Times” Important Concepts

Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" keratic = "horn" osteodontokeratic

Glossary osteo = "bone" osteodontokeratic

Harappa (c B.C.) 11 th p. 388

Magdalenian bone artifact. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 292

Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" osteodontokeratic

11 th p. 315

Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" keratic = "horn" osteodontokeratic

Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 328

Devon Island, High Arctic Canada th p. 321

Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler

basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools Stone Tools and Technologies

tradition horizon Glossary

tradition horizon Glossary

similarity of elements over considerable time in a delimited area –site, locality or region tradition Glossary

Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois”

Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois” Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)

Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois” Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)

10 th p. 257 Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)

Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois”

Solutrean Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10 th Ed., p. 132

Solutrean blade Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 304

Solutrean “laurel leaf” blade France Life Nature Library, Cro-Magnon, p. 60

Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 257 Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. is the “culture” the technique is called “Levallois”

Magdalenian Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10 th Ed., p. 132

Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 298 Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving..

Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 302 A modern example of an ancient idea..

tradition horizon Glossary

similarity of elements over a large area during a “short” time span horizon Glossary

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 11 th Ed., p. 393

characteristic item that marks an identifiable horizon horizon marker Glossary

Toltec-style serpentine columns and Chacmool. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8 th Ed.), p. 491 Toltec serpentine columns Toltec chacmool

Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 394 Mesoamerican archaeological sites mentioned in the text Toltec “Toltecized” Maya

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 11 th Ed., p. 393

flake tools core tools Glossary

flake tools the smaller pieces struck off of a stone Glossary

Core and flake. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8 th Ed.), p. 351

Major types of North American Paleo-Indian projectile points. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 315 ClovisFolsomPlanoDalton

Clovis fluted points in simulated mountings. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 327

Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 315 North American Paleo-Indian and Archaic sites.

Burin. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 303

what is left over after a flake has been struck off of a stone core Glossary

Core and flake. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8 th Ed.), p. 351

basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools Stone Tools and Technologies

#1 pebble tools

rounded stone (pebble) struck with a similar stone (hammerstone), which creates a jagged edge, that serves as a chopping edge pebble tools aka “choppers” Glossary

Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominins. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 267 sometimes pebble tools are also known as “Oldowan choppers”

#2 Core and flake tools are “bifacial handaxes”

Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes Glossary

Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes Glossary

Abbevillian aka “primitive” hand axes bifacial handaxes

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 115

Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes Glossary

Acheulean bifacial handaxes

Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominins. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 267

Acheulian biface (“hand axe”). Richard Effland, Maricopa CollegeMaricopa College

Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 251 Hand axe (left) and cleaver (right), both basic Acheulian tradition tools

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 240 Acheulian tools, mainly hand axes, from Olorgesailie, Kenya.

Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes Glossary

#3 blade tools

a flake tool that is at least twice as long as it is wide a thin-edged fragment removed from a core blade tool Glossary

Burin. Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 289

Solutrean blade Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 304

having a notched edge or saw-like teeth serrated Glossary

with a furrow or groove fluted Glossary

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 112 fluting

#4 microliths

small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core “micro” = “small” “lith” = “stone” microliths Glossary

small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core “micro” = “small” “lith” = “stone” microliths Glossary

Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10 th Ed., p. 213

made of several parts e.g., harpoon, sickle, hammer... compound (composite) Glossary

Sickle with embedded row of small flint blades. Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 337

European Mesolithic stone axe in its antler sleeve, Shaped to fit into the socket of a missing wooden handle. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 319

Mesolithic stone axes. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 333

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 328

with a “handle” hafted Glossary

Clovis fluted points in simulated mountings. Understanding Humans, 10 th Ed., p. 327

Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10 th Ed., p. 106

Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114

“spear thrower” (Nahuatl, Aztec) atlatl Glossary

Understanding Humans, 11 th Ed., p. 298 Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving..

Magdalenian bone artifact. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9 th Ed.), p. 292

Braidwood, Prehistoric Men 2 nd Ed. (Chicago Natural History Museum, 1951), p. 74

#5 chopper copping and flake tools

“chopper-chopping [flake] tools”... Glossary

Movius Line

Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7 th Ed., p. 334 Movius Line

To Class Slides Set 22 Next: Tools and Technologies II Making and Using Lithic Tools